PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Post, M.J.D.
AU  - Thurnher, M.M.
AU  - Clifford, D.B.
AU  - Nath, A.
AU  - Gonzalez, R.G.
AU  - Gupta, R.K.
AU  - Post, K.K.
TI  - CNS–Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in the Setting of HIV Infection, Part 2: Discussion of Neuro–Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome with and without Other Pathogens
AID  - 10.3174/ajnr.A3184
DP  - 2013 Jul 01
TA  - American Journal of Neuroradiology
PG  - 1308--1318
VI  - 34
IP  - 7
4099  - http://www.ajnr.org/content/34/7/1308.short
4100  - http://www.ajnr.org/content/34/7/1308.full
SO  - Am. J. Neuroradiol.2013 Jul 01; 34
AB  - SUMMARY: While the previous review of CNS-IRIS in the HIV-infected patient on highly active antiretroviral therapy (Part 1) dealt with an overview of the biology, pathology, and neurologic presentation of this condition and a discussion of the atypical imaging findings in PML-IRIS and cryptococcal meningitis–IRIS due to the robust inflammatory response, the current review (Part 2) discusses the imaging findings in other commonly encountered organisms seen in association with CNS-IRIS, namely, VZV, CMV, HIV, Candida organisms, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Toxoplasma gondii. Also described is the imaging appearance of CNS-IRIS when not associated with a particular organism. Recognition of these imaging findings will give credence to the diagnosis of CNS-IRIS and will allow the clinician to institute changes in medical management, if necessary, so that immune reconstitution and improved patient outcome can occur with time. CMVcytomegalovirusHAARThighly active antiretroviral therapyHIVEHIV encephalitisIgGimmunoglobulin GIRISimmune reconstitution inflammatory syndromeMACMycobacterium avium complexPCRpolymerase chain reactionPMLprogressive multifocal leukoencephalopathyTBtuberculosisVZVVaricella zoster