TABLE 1:

Structural anomalies assessed on MR imaging and their observed frequencies among subjects and controls

Observed Frequencies
Moderate AnomalyMarked Anomaly
Subjects (n = 80)Controls (n = 40)Subjects (n = 80)Controls (n = 40)
Lateral ventricle
    Blunting of lateral angles of midpoint of body of lateral ventricles3012131
    Blunting of lateral angles of frontal horns of lateral ventricles3112131
    Enlargement of frontal horns of lateral ventricles371470
    Enlargement of body of lateral ventricles401270
    Enlargement of occipital horns of lateral ventricles2812100
    Asymmetry of lateral ventricle281230
    Abnormal shape of lateral ventricle321060
Third ventricle
    Widening of anterior portion of third ventricle22630
    Widening throughout third ventricle21630
Cortex
    Enlargement of cortical sulci26930
    Enlargement of subarachnoid spaces22930
    Enlargement of interhemispheric fissure7110
    Enlargement of subarachnoid cisterns231020
Temporal lobe
    Abnormal shape of hippocampus1040
    Abnormal gyral pattern of hippocampus4010
    Reduced size of hippocampus2030
    Enlargement of temporal horns121050
White matter abnormalities
    Corpus callosal dysgenesis0000
    Corpus callosal thinning17260
    Corpus callosal notching17920
    Focal high-intensity white matter lesions4030
    White matter high intensity of myelination delay1000
    White matter volume loss4150
    Virchow-Robin spaces382400
Other abnormalities
    Cavum septi pellucidi or cavum vergae161030
    Aqueduct stenosis0000
    Arachnoid cysts2010
    Porencephalic cysts0010
    Cerebellar tonsil through occipital foramen*141022
    Pachygyria0000
    Polymicrogyria0000
    Gray matter heterotopia1100
    Schizencephaly0000
    Enlarged cisterna magna20620
    Brain stem anomalies1000
    Skull shape anomalies1000
  • * As a guide for this item, “moderate” represents a displacement of 0–5 mm below the basio-opisthion line, and “marked” represents a displacement >5 mm.