Localization of field defects and disorders of higher cortical visual function
| Field Defect or Syndrome | Localization |
|---|---|
| Unilateral central scotoma | Optic nerve |
| Bitemporal hemianopsia | Chiasm |
| Junctional defect (ipsilateral central scotoma and a contralateral superior temporal field cut) | Anterior chiasm |
| Central temporal scotomas | Posterior chiasm |
| Incongruous homonymous hemianopsia, afferent pupillary defect, and bow-tie atrophy | Optic tract |
| Homonymous sectoranopia | Lateral geniculate nucleus |
| Incongruous homonymous hemianopsia | Lateral geniculate nucleus |
| Homonymous upper quadrant defect “pie in the sky” | Temporal lobe |
| Homonymous defect, denser inferiorly | Parietal lobe |
| Gerstmann syndrome and a homonymous defect, denser inferiorly | Parietal lobe |
| Complete homonymous hemianopsia | Not well-localized |
| Homonymous upper quadrantanopsia with macular sparing | Occipital lobe (lower bank) |
| Homonymous lower quadrantanopsia with macular sparing | Occipital lobe (upper bank) |
| Isolated homonymous defect (macular sparing) without other neurologic findings | Occipital lobe |
| Anton syndrome (cortical blindness) | Bilateral occipital lobe lesions |
| Balint syndrome | Bilateral occipitoparietal lesions |
| Alexia without agraphia | Left occipital lobe and angular gyrus |
| Central achromatopsia | Bilateral occipito-temporal lesions |