Demographic characteristics, neuropsychological test scores, and mean phase of the low-phase voxels across subcortical deep gray matter structures
| MS (n = 85) | NC (n = 27) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | |||
| Age | 46.0 ± 9.2 | 41.9 ± 10.7 | NSa |
| Education | 14.4 ± 2.2 | 15.3 ± 2.4 | NSa |
| Female, n (%) | 59 (69.4) | 17 (63.0) | NSa |
| Caucasian, n (%) | 73 (85.9) | 24 (88.9) | NSa |
| Right-handed, n (%) | 77 (90.6) | 25 (92.6) | NSa |
| Impaired, n (%) | 52 (61.2) | 1 (3.7) | <.001a |
| Disease duration | 10.9 ± 7.6 | ||
| DMT durationb | 3.8 ± 3.6 | ||
| EDSSc | 3.6 ± 1.9 | ||
| T2 lesion volume | 18.5 ± 20.3 | ||
| T1 lesion volume | 3.4 ± 7.1 | ||
| NP test scores | |||
| SDMT | 50.8 ± 15.8 | 66.0 ± 10.5 | <.001d |
| PASAT | 42.0 ± 15.7 | 49.8 ± 8.7 | .017d |
| DKEFS-CS | 9.5 ± 3.0 | 11.7 ± 2.4 | <.001d |
| CVLT2 | 52.1 ± 13.1 | 64.4 ± 7.4 | <.001d |
| BVMT-R | 7.8 ± 2.8 | 10.4 ± 1.5 | <.001d |
| MP-LPV | |||
| Thalamus | −0.099 ± 0.016 | −0.092 ± 0.011 | .027a |
| Caudate nucleus | −0.178 ± 0.021 | −0.166 ± 0.011 | .007a |
| Putamen | −0.184 ± 0.033 | −0.172 ± 0.028 | NSa |
| Globus pallidus | −0.195 ± 0.036 | −0.179 ± 0.029 | NSa |
| Pulvinar | −0.157 ± 0.036 | −0.139 ± 0.012 | .014a |
Note:—NC indicates healthy control; DMT, disease-modifying therapy; EDSS, Expanded Disability Status Scale; NS, not significant.
↵a P value is based on 1-way ANOVA.
↵b n = 68 for calculation of DMT duration as only 68 were on therapy.
↵c n = 83 for calculation of mean EDSS as 2 patients were not assessed during their clinical visit.
↵d P value is based on 1-way ANCOVA, controlling for age and years of education. Age, education, disease duration, and DMT duration data are given as mean years ± SD. Lesion volume is given as mean milliliters ± SD. NP test data for the SDMT, PASAT, DKEFS-CS, CVLT2, and BVMT-R are given as mean test score ± standard deviation. MP-LPV data in the thalamus, caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, and pulvinar structures are given as radians ± SD.