Comparison of adult patients without BCVI versus patients with BCVI (18 years of age or older)
| Without BCVI (n = 523) | With BCVI (n = 12) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Female/male | 355:168 | 7:5 | .53 |
| Age (mean) [SD] (yr) | 42.1 [SD, 18.4] | 43.6 [SD, 20.7] | .86a |
| GCS (mean) [SD] | 14.9 [SD, 0.8](GCS: 3 = 1 patientGCS: 7 = 1 patientOthers: >8) | 14.8 [SD, 0.6](GCS: 13 = 1 patientOthers =15) | .55a |
| On-scene LOC (No/yes/unclear) | 370/56/48 | 8/4/0 | .06 |
| Neurologic deficit | |||
| New FND | 4 (0.7%) | 2 (16.7%) | .007 |
| New FND inconsistent with head CT/MR imaging | 2 (0.4%) | 1 (8.3%) | .07 |
| At least 1 additional traumatic head/neck/chest injury | |||
| All | 103 (19.7%) | 9 (75%) | <.001 |
| All except scalp/neck hematoma | 82 (15.7%) | 7 (58.3%) | .001 |
| Head injury | |||
| Intracranial hemorrhage | 11 (2.1%) | 2 (16.7%) | .031 |
| Skull fracture/hematoma | 2 (0.4)/7 (1.3%) | 0 | |
| Midface fracture | 5 (0.9%) | 0 | |
| Cervical injury | |||
| Cervical spine fracture | 15 (2.9%) | 4 (33.3%) | <.001 |
| C1–3 fracture | 5 (1.0%) | 1 (8.3%) | .12 |
| Spinal ligamentous injury | 2 (0.4%) | 0 | |
| Neck hematoma | 7 (1.3%) | ||
| Thoracic injury | |||
| First rib/clavicle fracture | 19 (3.6%) | 1 (8.3%) | .37 |
| Upper rib fracture | 43 (8.2%) | 2 (16.7%) | .26 |
| Any rib fracture | 53 (10.1%) | 3 (25%) | .12 |
| Sternal fracture | 27 (5.2%) | 3 (25%) | .02 |
| Vertebral fracture | 8 (1.5%) | 0 | |
| Vascular injury | 1 (0.2%) |
↵a The Mann-Whitney test was used for those marked with a, and Fischer exact test, for the rest.