Patient characteristics and outcomes
| Patient No. | Age (yr)/Sex | Symptoms | Fistula Level | Approach | Complications | Bern Score Pre-Tx | Bern Score Post-Tx | Improvement in Symptoms? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 44/M | Position- and Valsalva-dependent headache | Right T8 | Transfemoral | None | 8 | 0 | Complete resolution |
| 2 | 67/F | Position- and Valsalva-dependent headache, tinnitus, brain fog | Right T4 | Transfemoral | Pain at right T4, resolved after 1 month | 9 | 0 | Complete resolution |
| 3 | 58/M | Position- and Valsalva-dependent headache, tinnitus, brain fog, hearing loss | Right T7 | Transfemoral | None | 6 | 2 | 50% Improvement in headache and hearing loss, stable tinnitus |
| 4 | 65/M | Position- and Valsalva-dependent headache, tinnitus, brain fog | Right T4 | Transjugular | Pain at right T4, resolved after 1 month | 9 | 0 | Complete resolution |
| 5 | 68/M | Position- and Valsava-induced headache, tinnitus, hearing loss, vertigo | Bilateral T9 | Transfemoral | None | 6 | 1 | Complete resolution of headache and hearing loss, persistent tinnitus with SCC dehiscence |
Note:—SCC indicates semicircular canal; TX, treatment.