Demographic details of the study population

	MS Clinical Profiles			All Patients with MS	HC Subgroups			T Test (W)^{^a}/χ² Test (C2)^{^b}
	CIS	RRMS	PMS	All Patients with MS	CamCAN (External)	TUM (Internal)	T Test (W)/χ² Test (C2) between HC	T Test (W)^{^a}/χ² Test (C2)^{^b}
No. subjects	19	465	17	501	651	89	NA	NA
Age (mean) (yr)	58.73 (SD, 12.06)	40.14 (SD, 9.94)	55.58 (SD, 5.23)	40.56 (SD, 10.22)	54.26 (SD, 18.58)	37.36 (SD, 15.06)	W: t (150.61) = 9.78, P < .001	W: t (102.87) = −1.92, P = .056
Sex (female/male)	13:6	305:160	10:7	328:173	330:321	59:30	C2: χ² (1, N = 740) = 7.03, P = .008	C2: χ² (1, N= 590) < 0.001, P = .976
Dominant hand (R/L)	19/0	415/50	16/1	450/51	NA	NA	NA	NA
EDSS (median) (IQR)	0.0 (1.0)	1.5 (2.0)	4.25 (1.75)	1.5 (2.0)	NA	NA	NA	NA
Cognition MuSIC (mean)	28.05 (SD, 3.01)	27.10 (SD, 3.66)	25.82 (SD, 4.05)	27.09 (SD, 3.66)	NA	NA	NA	NA
Fatigue MuSIC (mean)	6.21 (SD, 2.64)	7.58 (SD, 4.59)	11.65 (SD, 3.32)	7.67 (SD, 4.56)	NA	NA	NA	NA
Lesion volume, (mean) (mL)	0.98 (SD, 1.23)	5.39 (SD, 8.41)	11.78 (SD, 9.01)	5.45 (SD, 8.40)	NA	NA	NA	NA

Note:—R indicates right; L, left.
↵a Welch 2-sample t tests were performed to test differences in age between all patients with MS versus TUM (ie, internal) HC.
↵b χ² tests were performed to test differences in sex frequencies between all patients with MS versus TUM (ie, internal) HC.