Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging in a Rat Model of Syringomyelia after Excitotoxic Spinal Cord Injury

References

1. ↵
   Green BA, Lee TT, Madsen PW,, et al. Management of posttraumatic cystic myelopathy. . Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil 1997;2:36-46
2. ↵
   Biyani A, Masry WS. Post-traumatic syringomyelia: a review of the literature. . Paraplegia 1994;32:723-731

   PubMed
3. Jinkins JR, Reddy S, Leite CC,, et al. MR of parenchymal spinal cord signal change as a sign of active advancement in clinically progressive posttraumatic syringomyelia. . AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1998;19:177-182

   Abstract
4. Sgouros S, Williams B. Management and outcome of posttraumatic syringomyelia. . J Neurosurg 1996;85:197-205

   PubMed
5. ↵
   Quencer RM, Sheldon JJ, Post MJ,, et al. MRI of the chronically injured cervical spinal cord. . AJR Am J Roentgenol 1986;147:125-132

   PubMed
6. Schurch B, Wichmann W, Rossier AB. Post-traumatic syringomyelia (cystic myelopathy): a prospective study of 449 patients with spinal cord injury. . J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1996;60:61-67

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
7. Levi ADO, Sonntag VKH. Management of posttraumatic syringomyelia using an expansile duraplasty. . Spine 1998;23:128-132

   PubMed
8. Tanghe HLJ. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in syringomyelia. . Acta Neurochir 1995;134:93-99

   CrossRefPubMed
9. Madsen PW, Falcone S, Bowen BC, Green BA. Post-traumatic syringomyelia. . In: Levine A, Eismont F, Garfin S, Zigler J, eds Spine Trauma Philadelphia: Saunders; 1998;608-629
10. Klekamp J, Batzdorf U, Samii M,, et al. Treatment of syringomyelia associated with arachnoid scaring caused by arachnoiditis or trauma. . J Neurosurg 1997;86:233-240

    PubMed
11. ↵
    Cho KH, Iwasaki Y, Imamura H,, et al. Experimental model of posttraumatic syringomyelia: the role of adhesive arachnoiditis in syrinx formation. . J Neurosurg 1994;80:133-139

    PubMed
12. ↵
    Panter SS, Yam SW, Faden AI. Alteration in extracellular amino acids after traumatic spinal cord injury. . Ann Neurol 1990;27:96-99

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
13. Marsala M, Sorkin LS, Yaksh TL. Transient spinal ischemia in rat: characterization of spinal cord blood flow, extracellular amino acid release and concurrent histopathological damage. . J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1994;14:604-614

    PubMedWeb of Science
14. Liu D, Thangnipon W, McAdoo DJ. Excitatory amino acids rise to toxic levels upon impact injury to the rat spinal cord. . Brain Res 1991;547:344-348

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
15. Yezierski RP. Pain following spinal cord injury: the clinical problem and experimental studies. . Pain 1996;68:185-194

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
16. ↵
    Madsen PW, Yezierski RP, Holets VR. Syringomyelia: clinical observations and experimental studies. . J Neurotrauma 1994;11:241-254

    PubMed
17. ↵
    Faden AI, Simon RP. A potential role for excitotoxins in the pathophysiology of spinal cord injury. . Ann Neurol 1988;23:623-626

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
18. Wrathall JR, Choiniere D, Teng YD. Dose dependent reduction of tissue loss and functional impairment after spinal cord trauma with the AMPA/kainate antagonist NBQX. . J Neurosci 1994;14:6598-6607

    Abstract
19. ↵
    Liu S, Ruenes GL, Yezierski RP. NMDA and non-NMDA receptor antagonists protect against excitotoxic injury in the rat spinal cord. . Brain Res 1997;756:160-167

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
20. Hao J-X, Xu X-J, Aldskogius H,, et al. The excitatory amino acid receptor antagonist MK-801 prevents the hypersensitivity induced by spinal cord ischemia in the rat. . Exp Neurol 1991;113:182-191

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
21. ↵
    Yezierski RP, Santana M, Park S,, et al. Neuronal degeneration and spinal cavitation following intraspinal injections of quisqualic acid in the rat. . J Neurotrauma 1993;10:445-456

    PubMedWeb of Science
22. Brewer KL, Bethea JR, Yezierski RP. Neuroprotective effects of interleukin-10 following excitotoxic spinal cord injury. . Exp Neurol (in press)
23. Dancausse HA, Brunschwig JP, Bunge MB,, et al. Morphological characterization of excitotoxic injury in the rat spinal cord. . Soc Neurosci Abstr 1995;21:231
24. ↵
    Bunge RP, Puckett WR, Becerra JL,, et al. Observations on the pathology of human spinal cord injury: a review and classification of 22 new cases with details from a case of chronic cord compression with extensive focal demyelination. . Adv Neurol 1993;59:75-89

    PubMed
25. Bunge RP, Puckett WR, Hiester ED. Observations on the pathology of several types of human spinal cord injury, with emphasis on the astrocyte response to penetrating injuries. . Adv Neurol 1997;72:305-315

    PubMed
26. ↵
    Guizar-Sahagun G, Rivera F, Babinski E,, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of the normal and chronically injured adult rat spinal cord in vivo. . Neuroradiology 1994;36:448-452

    PubMed
27. ↵
    Falconer JC, Narayana PA, Bhattacharjee MB,, et al. Quantitative MRI of spinal cord injury in a rat model. . Magn Reson Med 1994;32:484-491

    PubMed
28. Hackney DB, Ford JC, Markowitz RS,, et al. Experimental spinal cord injury: MR correlation to intensity of injury. . J Comput Assist Tomogr 1994;18:357-362

    PubMed
29. ↵
    Duncan EG, Lemaire C, Armstrong RL,, et al. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging of experimental spinal cord injury in the rat. . Neurosurgery 1992;31:510-519

    PubMed
30. ↵
    Ford JC, Hackney DB, Alsop DC,, et al. MRI characterization of diffusion coefficients in a rat spinal cord injury model. . Magn Reson Med 1994;31:488-494

    PubMedWeb of Science
31. ↵
    Guizar-Sahagun G, Grijalva I, Madrazo I,, et al. Development of post-traumatic cysts in the spinal cord of rats subjected to severe spinal cord compression. . Surg Neurol 1994;41:241-249

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
32. ↵
    Carvlin MJ, Asato R, Hackney DB,, et al. High-resolution MR of the spinal cord in humans and rats. . AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1989;10:13-19

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
33. ↵
    Pattany PM, Puckett WR, Klose KJ,, et al. High resolution diffusion-weighted MR of fresh and fixed cat spinal cords: evaluation of diffusion coefficients and anisotropy. . AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1997;18:1049-1056

    Abstract
34. ↵
    Small JA, Sheridan PH. Research priorities for syringomyelia: a National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke workshop summary. . Neurology 1996;46:577-582

    FREE Full Text
35. Quencer RM. Can MR help predict enlargement of posttraumatic spinal cord cysts? . AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1998;19:192

    PubMed
36. Quencer RM, Bunge RP. The injured spinal cord: imaging, histopathologic, clinical correlates, and basic science approach to enhancing neural function after spinal cord injury. . Spine 1996;21:2064-2066

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
37. Asano M, Fujiwara K, Yonenobu K,, et al. Post-traumatic syringomyelia. . Spine 1996;21:1446-1453

    CrossRefPubMed
38. Milhorat TH, Capocelli AL, Anzil AP,, et al. Pathological basis of spinal cord cavitation in syringomyelia: analysis of 105 autopsy cases. . J Neurosurg 1995;82:802-812

    PubMedWeb of Science
39. Tobimatsu Y, Nihei R, Kimura T,, et al. A quantitative analysis of cerebrospinal fluid flow in post-traumatic syringomyelia. . Paraplegia 1995;33:203-207

    PubMed
40. Quencer RM, Donovan Post MJ, Hinks RS. Cine MR in the evaluation of normal and abnormal CSF flow: intracranial and intraspinal studies. . Neuroradiology 1990;32:371-391

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
41. Post MJD, Quencer RM, Hinks RS,, et al. Spinal CSF flow dynamics: qualitative and quantitative evaluation by cine MR. Presented at the annual meeting of the American Society of Neuroradiology, Orlando, March 1989
42. ↵
    Wirth ED, Mareci TH, Beck BL,, et al. A comparison of an inductively coupled implanted coil with optimized surface coils for in vivo NMR imaging of the spinal cord. . Magn Reson Med 1993;30:626-633

    PubMed
43. ↵
    Ford JC, Hackney DB, Joseph PM,, et al. A method for in vivo high resolution MRI of rat spinal cord injury. . Magn Reson Med 1994;31:218-223

    PubMed
44. Nakada T, Matsuzawa H, Kwee IL. Magnetic resonance axonography of the rat spinal cord. . Neuroreport 1994;5:2053-2056

    PubMed
45. Matsuzawa H, Kwee IL, Nakada T. Magnetic resonance axonography of the rat spinal cord: postmortem effects. . J Neurosurg 1995;83:1023-1028

    PubMedWeb of Science
46. Wise Y. Letter. . Neurosurgery 1992;31:517-519
47. ↵
    Holder CA, Eastwood JD, Muthupillai R,, et al. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of the normal human spinal cord in vivo. Presented at the annual meeting of the American Society of Neuroradiology, Philadelphia, May 1998