Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
Matching axial MR images show severe (grade 5) dilatation of the VRS (matrix = 256 × 256, FOV = 230 × 230 mm): A, T2-weighted variable echo (TR/TE1/TE2 = 5500/20/90); B, T1-weighted high-spatial-resolution T1-weighted 3D gradient echo (TR/TE = 24/18, section thickness = 0.89 mm, flip angle = 30°); and C, inversion recovery (TR/TE/TE = 6850/18/300). Calculated CNRs for VRS versus WM are 64.1 for inversion recovery, 24.8 for fast field-echo, 19.1 for the variable-echo second-echo imaging.
- Fig 2.
Axial inversion recovery MR images (TR/TE/TI = 6850/18/300, matrix = 256 × 256, FOV = 230 × 230 mm) show grade 3 VRS dilatation (arrows).
- Fig 3.
Axial inversion recovery MR images (TR/TE/TI = 6850/18/300, matrix = 256 × 256, FOV = 230 × 230 mm) show extensive VRS dilatation (arrows) throughout the BG (grade 5).
- Fig 4.
Axial Inversion recovery MR images (TR/TE/TI = 6850/18/300, matrix = 256 × 256, FOV = 230 × 230 mm) show the VRS (arrows) as linear structure passing through several sections (A–C) in the imaging volume.
Tables
Component Intraobserver 1 Intraobserver 2 Interobserver BG Scheme 1 0.97 0.89 0.91 Scheme 2 1.0 0.96 0.98 Centrum semiovale 0.78 0.82 0.84 Subinsular 0.89 0.91 0.90 Mesencephalon 0.94 0.84 0.82 Note.—Intraobserver and interobserver variability assessed by using the Wilcoxon matched-pairs test.
Result Group Control AD FTD vs IVD Control (n = 35) AD (n = 35) FTD (n = 24) IVD (n = 16) P Value Vs AD Vs FTD Vs IVD Vs FTD Vs IVD Scheltens score Total 9.03 (7.31) 9.28 (5.24) 10.75 (8.02) 14.3 (10.1) <.05 NS NS <.01 NS <.01 NS Deep WM total 5.14 (4.09) 5.26 (3.87) 5.65 (4.21) 9.26 (6.98) <.05 NS NS NS NS <.01 NS PVH 2.66 (1.94) 2.95 (2.16) 3.14 (3.02) 5.02 (4.26) <.05 NS NS <.01 NS <.01 NS BG 0.77 (2.30) * 0.72 (1.89) 0.63 (1.28) 1.74 (2.15) <.01 NS NS <.01 NS NS NS Infratentorial 0.46 (0.74) 0.37 (0.64) 0.32 (0.30) 0.45 (0.61) NS NS NS NS NS NS NS BG Scheme 1 0.86 (0.88) 0.82 (0.88) 1.06 (0.80) 1.92 (0.83) <.005 NS NS <.005 NS <.001 NS Scheme 2 1.46 (1.20) 1.29 (1.26) 2.0 (1.12) 3.92 (0.99) <.001 NS NS <.001 NS <.001 <.01 Centrum semiovale 0.51 (0.85) 0.74 (0.60) 1.33 (0.70) 1.03 (0.39) <.01 NS <0.01 <.01 NS NS NS Subinsular 0.96 (1.95) 0.47 (0.51) 0.67 (0.72) 1.17 (0.39) NS NS NS NS NS NS NS Mesencephalic 0.51 (0.51) 0.65 (0.49) 0.73 (0.46) 0.92 (0.28) NS NS NS NS NS NS NS Note.—Differences in ages were compared by using ANOVA (at P < .05) with an a posteriori Tukey test (at P < .01). Other variables were assessed by using the Kruskal-Wallis test (at P < .05) with an a posteriori Mann-Whitney U test (at P < .01) to identify between-group differences. NS = not significant. Data in parentheses are total number of patients in each group. The score is the SD of the measurement.
- TABLE 3:
Sensitivities and specificities based on BG2 cutoff values as indicators of vascular dementia
Comparison BG2 VRS Score >2 >3 >4 IVD vs AD and FTD Sensitivity 0.67 0.54 0.25 Specificity 0.70 0.87 1 IVD vs AD Sensitivity 0.67 0.54 0.25 Specificity 0.89 0.93 1 IVD vs FTD Sensitivity 0.67 0.54 0.25 Specificity 0.76 0.93 1 - TABLE 4:
Sensitivities and specificities based on centrum-semiovale cutoff values as indicators of vascular dementia
Comparison Centrum Semiovale VRS Score >0 >1 FTD vs AD and IVD Sensitivity 0.81 0.38 Specificity 0.27 0.25 FTD vs AD Sensitivity 0.81 0.38 Specificity 0.39 0.50 FTD vs IVD Sensitivity 0.81 0.38 Specificity 0.45 0.33
In this issue
Jump to section
Related Articles
Cited By...
- Enlarged Perivascular Spaces are Associated with White Matter Injury, Brain Atrophy, Cognitive Decline and Markers of Inflammation in an Autosomal Dominant Vascular Neurodegenerative Disease (CADASIL)
- Divergent enlarged perivascular spaces volumes in early versus late age-of-onset Alzheimers disease
- On the detectability and accuracy of computational measurements of enlarged perivascular spaces from magnetic resonance images
- Lesion Volume in Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis is Associated with Perivascular Space Enlargement at the Level of the Basal Ganglia
- Physiology and Clinical Relevance of Enlarged Perivascular Spaces in the Aging Brain
- Perivascular Space Semi-Automatic Segmentation (PVSSAS): A Tool for Segmenting, Viewing and Editing Perivascular Spaces
- Characterization of MR Imaging-Visible Perivascular Spaces in the White Matter of Healthy Adolescents at 3T
- Ontario Neurodegenerative Disease Research Initiative (ONDRI): Structural MRI methods & outcome measures
- Altered cognitive function in systemic lupus erythematosus and associations with inflammation and functional and structural brain changes
- Perivascular spaces contribute to cognition beyond other small vessel disease markers
- Perivascular Spaces in Old Age: Assessment, Distribution, and Correlation with White Matter Hyperintensities
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment
- Dilated Perivascular Spaces in the Basal Ganglia Are a Biomarker of Small-Vessel Disease in a Very Elderly Population with Dementia
- Hydrocephalus due to extreme dilation of Virchow-Robin spaces
- Subcortical Cystic Lesions within the Anterior Superior Temporal Gyrus: A Newly Recognized Characteristic Location for Dilated Perivascular Spaces
- Perivascular Spaces Are Associated with Atherosclerosis: An Insight from the Northern Manhattan Study
- Enlarged perivascular spaces as a marker of underlying arteriopathy in intracerebral haemorrhage: a multicentre MRI cohort study
- Rating Method for Dilated Virchow-Robin Spaces on Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Topography of dilated perivascular spaces in subjects from a memory clinic cohort
- Assessment of the Virchow-Robin Spaces in Alzheimer Disease, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Normal Aging, Using High-Field MR Imaging
- Frequency and Location of Dilated Virchow-Robin Spaces in Elderly People: A Population-Based 3D MR Imaging Study
- Cerebrovascular Damage in Late-Life Depression Is Associated With Structural and Functional Abnormalities of Subcutaneous Small Arteries
- Enlarged Perivascular Spaces on MRI Are a Feature of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease
- Neuropathological Correlates of Temporal Pole White Matter Hyperintensities in CADASIL
- Biomarkers of cerebrovascular disease in dementia
- Blood Pressure Lowering in PROGRESS (Perindopril Protection Against Recurrent Stroke Study) and White Matter Hyperintensities: Should This Progress Matter to Patients?