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The degree of contrast enhancement was assessed in 22 high-grade intracranial stenoses that were either symptomatic or asymptomatic. Seventy percent of symptomatic plaques showed contrast enhancement whereas this was seen in only 8% of those that were asymptomatic. This study suggests that intracranial stenoses can be evaluated with conventional MRI protocols and that there is a strong association between plaque contrast enhancement and ischemic symptoms.

Clinical and imaging findings in 11 patients with SMART syndrome were reviewed. All patients became symptomatic on average 20 years postirradiation and all showed unilateral gyriform cerebral enhancement that resolved spontaneously in 2–5 weeks though 45% had residual neurologic deficits. Twenty-seven percent of patients developed laminar necrosis and brain biopsies of 4 patients showed nonspecific findings.

The results of venous sonography, contrast-enhanced MRI, and MR venography in 26 pediatric patients with MS were compared with controls and 13 young adults with pediatric-onset MS. The authors concluded that chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency is rarely observed in children or young adults with pediatric-onset MS as venous anatomy and flow rates showed normal outflow in most subjects.