Secondary Degeneration Detected by Combining Voxel-Based Morphometry and Tract-Based Spatial Statistics in Subcortical Strokes with Different Outcomes in Hand Function

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Fig 1.
T2-weighted images show the largest lesion (red arrow) of each patient at the axial section. The locations and extent of the lesions are quite consistent across all of the patients. Arabic numerals denote the patient numbers.
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Fig 2.
Significantly decreased FA was detected by VBM analysis (A) and TBSS analysis (B) in CPH compared with PPH. The threshold was set at a combined cutoff value of P < .001 and a minimal cluster size of 20 voxels (for VBM analysis) or P < .001 (for TBSS analysis). Color scale = t values; L = left; R = right. Arabic numeral indicates the location of each coronal section. Lesions were located on the left side.

Table 1:

Clinical and demographic data of 23 patients with subcortical stroke

Pt No.	Sex	Age (y)	Location of Lesion	Time after Stroke (months)	Lesion Volume (mL)	FMA Scores (hand+wrist)
PPH Group
01	M	60	L, IC, Th^{^a}	53	35.32	12
02	F	48	L, IC, BG	23	9.38	6
03	M	76	L, IC	21	62.18	22
04	M	60	L, IC, BG	36	16.48	6
05	M	71	L, IC, Th^{^a}	22	17.64	11
06	M	63	L, IC, BG, Th	3	22.14	13
07	M	54	L, IC, Th^{^a}	3	12.35	23
08	M	60	L, IC, Th^{^a}	11	26.96	23
09	M	65	L, IC, Th	12	8.85	23
10	M	53	L, IC, BG, Th^{^a}	22	125.10	15
11	M	65	L, IC, BG^{^a}	6	81.78	20
12	M	56	L, IC	7	10.55	11
CPH Group
01	M	67	L, IC	17	12.33	2
02	M	57	L, IC, Th	19	23.73	0
03	F	75	L, IC, CR	24	7.80	4
04	M	63	L, BG, IC, Th^{^a}	16	61.52	1
05	F	65	L, IC, Th	17	29.59	1
06	F	68	L, BG, IC, Th^{^a}	62	25.51	0
07	M	68	L, IC, Th^{^a}	47	32.73	1
08	M	62	L, BG, IC, Th^{^a}	12	156.14	0
09	M	53	L, BG, IC, Th^{^a}	86	55.53	1
10	F	50	L, BG, IC, Th^{^a}	13	18.66	0
11	M	62	L, IC, Th	6	19.16	4

Note:—M indicates male; F, female; L, left; R, right; BG, basal ganglia; IC, internal capsule; Th, thalamus; CR, coronal radiata; FMA, Fugl-Meyer Assessment.
↵a The characteristics of the lesion are hemorrhagic; others are ischemic.

Table 2:

VBM analysis of FA maps between the CPH group and the PPH group

Regions	MNI Coordinates			Peak t Score	Number of Voxels	Volume (mL)
Regions	x	y	z	Peak t Score	Number of Voxels	Volume (mL)
Brain stem (IL)	−2	−25	−21	5.53	220	660
Sublobar (internal capsule/basal ganglia/thalamus) (IL)	−25	−14	27	6.95	556	1668
Superior temporal gyrus (IL)	−42	−45	15	4.81	68	204
Precentral gyrus (IL)	−20	−18	54	4.92	122	366
Medial frontal gyrus (cingulate gyrus) (IL)	−13	−4	51	5.05	62	186
Supplementary motor area (IL)	−11	−12	60	5.23	54	162
Postcentral gyrus (CL)	18	−36	57	5.67	55	165

Note:—The threshold was set at a combined cutoff value of P < .001 (uncorrected) and a minimal cluster size of 20 voxels. IL indicates ipsilesional; CL, contralesional; MNI, Montreal Neurological Institute.