Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
Left frontal AVM. A, Left internal carotid angiogram (lateral view) shows the AVM before treatment. B, Onyx cast after the first embolization session. C, Left internal carotid angiogram (lateral view) shows the AVM after the first embolization session. D, Onyx cast after the second embolization session. E, Left internal carotid angiogram (lateral view) shows the AVM after the second embolization session. F, Onyx cast after the third embolization session. G, Left internal carotid angiogram (lateral view) shows the AVM after the third embolization session. H, Onyx cast after the fourth embolization session. I, Left internal carotid angiogram (lateral view) shows the AVM after the fourth embolization session. J, Onyx cast after the fifth embolization session. K, Left internal carotid angiogram (lateral view) shows the AVM after the fifth embolization session. L, Left internal carotid angiogram (lateral view) shows complete cure of the AVM at 5 years after radiosurgery.
- Fig 2.
Right frontal AVM. A, Right internal carotid angiogram (lateral view) shows the AVM before treatment. B, Right internal carotid angiogram, noninjected and unsubstracted (lateral view), shows the Onyx cast after 5 embolization sessions and before radiosurgery. C, Right internal carotid angiogram shows the residual nidus before radiosurgery. D, Right internal carotid angiogram shows a residual nidus 4 years after radiosurgery.
Tables
Patient and AVM characteristics, treatment data, and anatomic outcome
Pt No. Sex/Age Presentation AVM Embolization Radiosurgery Outcome SM Grade (I–IV) Size (cm) Location Sessions (n) Onyx Volume (mL) Delay* (month) Volume Radiated (mL) 1 M/35 Hemorrhage I 1.1 × 0.7 Parietal 1 0.25 6 0.6 CO 2 F/45 Asymptomatic I 1.2 × 0.8 Temporal 1 0.45 12 0.5 CO 3 F/55 Hemorrhage I 1.3 × 1.2 Frontal 1 1.0 16 0.6 RN 4 M/28 Hemorrhage II 2.5 × 2.0 Frontal 4 0.65 8 1.2 CO 5 F/15 Asymptomatic II 2.0 × 1.2 Temporal 4 2.65 36 0.9 Ongoing 6 F/12 SM deficit II 2.0 × 1.3 Frontal 2 3.2 8 3.0 Ongoing 7 M/42 Hemianopsia II 2.0 × 1.0 Frontal 3 3.35 6 0.9 CO 8 M/50 Asymptomatic II 3.8 × 2.7 Temporal 5 5.0 7 2.9 RN 9 M/28 Epilepsy II 4.2 × 2.5 Frontal 7 8.75 6 5.2 Ongoing 10 F/10 Epilepsy II 3.2 × 1.5 Frontal 5 2.45 7 1.1 CO 11 F/39 Motor deficit III 3.3 × 1.7 Frontal 2 1.7 5 7.8 CO 12 M/29 Epilepsy III 3.9 × 2.7 Frontal 5 4.45 6 3.2 RN 13 F/26 Epilepsy III 3.1 × 2.0 Frontal 5 5.95 8 0.7 RN 14 M/41 Hemorrhage III 3.7 × 1.1 Corpus callosum 5 4.5 8 6.7 CO 15 M/25 Epilepsy III 3.9 × 2.5 Temporal 8 12.8 8 4.9 RN 16 F/45 Hemorrhage IV 3.4 × 1.9 Temporal 3 3.5 12 5.5 CO 17 M/23 Hemorrhage IV 4.0 × 2.4 Frontal 3 5.2 6 7.9 RN 18 F/37 Epilepsy IV 4.1 × 1.9 Frontal 5 6.5 6 5.3 CO 19 F/31 Hemorrhage IV 3.2 × 2.3 Thalamus 4 3.3 1 2.9 RN 20 F/49 Hemorrhage IV 3.9 × 2.8 Frontal 4 12.3 3 12.1 CO Note:—F indicates female; M, male; SM Spetzler-Martin grade; CO, complete occlusion; RN, residual nidus.
↵* Delay between embolization and radiosurgery.
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