Multiple Sclerosis and Alzheimer Disease through the Looking Glass of MR Imaging

References

1. ↵
   Spencer SS. The relative contributions of MRI, SPECT, and PET imaging in epilepsy. Epilepsia 1994;35:S72–S89
2. ↵
   Parsons MW, Barber PA, Chalk J, et al. Diffusion- and perfusion-weighted MRI response to thrombolysis in stroke. Ann Neurol 2002;51:28–37

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
3. ↵
   Rees J. Advances in magnetic resonance imaging of brain tumours. Curr Opin Neurol 2003;16:643–650

   CrossRefPubMed
4. ↵
   Jack CR Jr, Petersen RC, O’Brien PC, Tangalos EG. MR-based hippocampal volumetry in the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology 1992;42:183–188

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
5. ↵
   Jobst KA, Smith AD, Szatmari M, et al. Detection in life of confirmed Alzheimer’s disease using a simple measurement of medial temporal lobe atrophy by computed tomography. Lancet 1992;340:1179–1183

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
6. ↵
   Smith AD. Imaging the progression of Alzheimer pathology through the brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2002;99:4135–4137

   FREE Full Text
7. ↵
   Ashburner J, Csernansky JG, Davatzikos C, et al. Computer-assisted imaging to assess brain structure in healthy and diseased brains. Lancet Neurol 2003;2:79–88

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
8. ↵
   Frisoni GB, Testa C, Zorzan A, et al. Detection of grey matter loss in mild Alzheimer’s disease with voxel based morphometry. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2002;73:657–664

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
9. ↵
   Frisoni GB, Padovani A, Wahlund L-O. The predementia diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2004;18:51–53

   CrossRefPubMed
10. ↵
    Mandelkow EM, Stamer K, Vogel R, et al. Clogging of axons by tau, inhibition of axonal traffic and starvation of synapses. Neurobiol Aging 2003;24:1079–1085

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
11. ↵
    van Waesberghe JH, Kamphorst W, De Groot CJ, et al. Axonal loss in multiple sclerosis lesions: magnetic resonance imaging insights into substrates of disability. Ann Neurol 1999;46:747–754

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
12. ↵
    Peterson JW, Bo L, Mork S, et al. Transected neurites, apoptotic neurons, and reduced inflammation in cortical multiple sclerosis lesions. Ann Neurol 2001;50:389–400

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
13. ↵
    Trapp BD, Ransohoff R, Rudick R. Axonal pathology in multiple sclerosis: relationship to neurologic disability. Curr Opin Neurol 1999;12:295–302

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
14. ↵
    Filippi M, Rovaris M, Inglese M, et al. Reduced brain tissue loss during randomised study of interferon β-1a in patients at presentation with syndromes suggestive of multiple sclerosis. Lancet 2004;364:1489–1496

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
15. ↵
    Filippi M, Bozzali M, Rovaris M, et al. Evidence for widespread axonal damage at the earliest clinical stage of multiple sclerosis. Brain 2003;126:433–437

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
16. ↵
    Inglese M, Ge Y, Filippi M, et al. Indirect evidence for early widespread gray matter involvement in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis. NeuroImage 2004;21:1825–1829

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
17. ↵
    Coles AJ, Wing MG, Molyneux P, et al. Monoclonal antibody treatment exposes three mechanisms underlying the clinical course of multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 1999;46:296–304

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
18. ↵
    Itagaki S, McGeer PL, Akiyama H, et al. Relationship of microglia and astrocytes to amyloid deposits of Alzheimer disease. J Neuroimmunol 1989;24:173–182

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
19. ↵
    Cagnin A, Brooks DJ, Kennedy AM, et al. In-vivo measurement of activated microglia in dementia. Lancet 2001;358:461–467

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
20. ↵
    Golde TE. Inflammation takes on Alzheimer disease. Nat Med 2002;8:936–938

    CrossRefPubMed
21. ↵
    Aisen PS. The potential of anti-inflammatory drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Lancet Neurol 2002;1:279–284

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
22. ↵
    Filippi M, Rovaris M, Comi G, eds. Normal-appearing white and grey matter damage in multiple sclerosis. Springer-Verlag: Milan;2004
23. ↵
    Iannucci G, Rovaris M, Giacomotti L, et al. Correlations between measures of multiple sclerosis pathology derived from T2, T1, magnetization transfer and diffusion tensor MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2001;22:1462–1467

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
24. ↵
    Filippi M, Tortorella C, Rovaris M, et al. Changes in the normal-appearing brain tissue and cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2000;68:157–161

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
25. ↵
    Evangelou N, Esiri MM, Smith S, et al. Quantitative pathological evidence for axonal loss in normal appearing white matter in multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 2000;47:391–395

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
26. ↵
    Rovaris M, Filippi M. Magnetic resonance techniques to monitor disease evolution and treatment trial outcomes in multiple sclerosis. Curr Opin Neurol 1999;12:337–344

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
27. ↵
    Bozzali M, Falini A, Franceschi M, et al. White matter damage in Alzheimer’s disease assessed in vivo using diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2002;72:742–746

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
28. Jack CR, Dickson DW, Parisi JE, et al. Antemortem MRI findings correlate with hippocampal neuropathology in typical aging and dementia. Neurology 2002;58:750–757

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
29. ↵
    Laakso MP, Hallikainen M, Hanninen T, et al. Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease: MRI of the hippocampus vs delayed recall. Neuropsychologia 2000;38:579–584

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
30. ↵
    Meyerhoff DJ, MacKay S, Constans JM, et al. Axonal injury and membrane alterations in Alzheimer’s disease suggested by in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging. Ann Neurol 1994;36:40–47

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
31. ↵
    Hanyu H, Asano T, Iwamoto T, et al. Magnetization transfer measurements of the hippocampus in patients with Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, and other types of dementia. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2000;21:1235–1242

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
32. ↵
    Mori E, Yoneda Y, Yamashita H, et al. Medial temporal structures relate to memory impairment in Alzheimer’s disease: an MRI volumetric study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1997;63:214–221

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
33. ↵
    Robert PhH, Verhey FRJ, Byrne EJ, et al. Grouping for behavioural and psychological symptoms in dementia: clinical and biological aspects: consensus paper of the European Alzheimer’s Disease Consortium (EADC). Eur Psychiatry 2005 (in press)
34. ↵
    Hanyu H, Asano T, Sakurai H, et al. Diffusion-weighted and magnetization transfer imaging of the corpus callosum in Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurol Sci 1999;167:37–44

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
35. MacKay S, Meyerhoff DJ, Constans JM, et al. Regional gray and white matter metabolite differences in subjects with AD, with subcortical ischemic vascular dementia, and elderly controls with 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging. Arch Neurol 1996;53:167–74

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
36. ↵
    Yoshiura T, Mihara F, Ogomori K, et al. Diffusion tensor in posterior cingulate gyrus: correlation with cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease. Neuroreport 2002;13:2299–2302

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
37. ↵
    Bartzokis G, Sultzer D, Lu PH, et al. Heterogeneous age-related breakdown of white matter structural integrity: implications for cortical “disconnection” in aging and Alzheimer’s disease. Neurobiol Aging 2004;25:843–851

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
38. ↵
    Uchihara T, Kondo H, Akiyama H, Ikeda K. White matter amyloid in Alzheimer’s disease brain. Acta Neuropathol 1995;90:51–56

    PubMed
39. ↵
    Filippi M. Magnetic resonance imaging findings predicting subsequent disease course in patients at presentation with clinically isolated syndromes suggestive of multiple sclerosis. Neurol Sci 2001;22:S49–S51
40. ↵
    Brex PA, Ciccarelli O, O’Riordan JI, et al. A longitudinal study of abnormalities on MRI and disability from multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2002;346:158–164

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
41. ↵
    McDonald WI, Compston A, Edan G, et al. Recommended diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: guidelines from the International Panel on the Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis. Ann Neurol 2001;50:121–127

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
42. ↵
    Jack CR Jr, Petersen RC, Xu YC, et al. Prediction of AD with MRI-based hippocampal volume in mild cognitive impairment. Neurology 1999;52:1397–1403

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
43. ↵
    Riemenschneider M, Lautenschlager N, Wagenpfeil S, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid tau and beta-amyloid 42 proteins identify Alzheimer disease in subjects with mild cognitive impairment. Arch Neurol 2002;59:1729–1734

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
44. ↵
    Chetelat G, Desgranges B, De La Sayette V, et al. Mild cognitive impairment: can FDG-PET predict who is to rapidly convert to Alzheimer’s disease? Neurology 2003;60:1374–1377

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
45. ↵
    Okamura N, Arai H, Maruyama M, et al. Combined analysis of CSF tau levels and [(123)I]iodoamphetamine SPECT in mild cognitive impairment: implications for a novel predictor of Alzheimer’s disease. Am J Psychiatry 2002;159:474–476

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
46. ↵
    Citron M. Alzheimer’s disease: treatments in discovery and development. Nat Neurosci 2002;5:1055–1057
47. ↵
    Filippi M, Rocca MA. Cortical reorganisation in patients with MS: using functional MRI techniques to study patients with MS. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2004;75:1087–1089

    FREE Full Text
48. ↵
    Saykin AJ, Flashman LA, Frutiger SA, et al. Neuroanatomic substrates of semantic memory impairment in Alzheimer’s disease: patterns of functional MRI activation. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 1999;5:377–392

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
49. Prvulovic D, Hubl D, Sack AT, et al. Functional imaging of visuospatial processing in Alzheimer’s disease. Neuroimage 2002;17:1403–1414

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
50. Lustig C, Snyder AZ, Bhakta M, et al. Functional deactivations: change with age and dementia of the Alzheimer type. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2003;100:1454–1459
51. ↵
    Dickerson BC, Salat DH, Bates JF, et al. Medial temporal lobe function and structure in mild cognitive impairment. Ann Neurol 2004;56:27–35

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
52. ↵
    De Vreese LP, Neri M, Fioravanti M, et al. Memory rehabilitation in Alzheimer’s disease: a review of progress. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2001;16:794–809

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
53. ↵
    Barkhof F, Filippi M, Miller DH, et al. Strategies for optimizing MRI techniques aimed at monitoring disease activity in multiple sclerosis treatment trials. J Neurol 1997;244:76–84

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
54. ↵
    Filippi M, Grossman RI. MRI techniques to monitor MS evolution: the present and the future. Neurology 2002;58:1147–1153

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
55. ↵
    Mayeux R, Sano M. Treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. N Engl J Med 1999;341:1670–1679

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
56. ↵
    Growdon JH. Incorporating biomarkers into clinical drug trials in Alzheimer’s disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2001;3:287–292

    PubMed
57. ↵
    Nordberg A. PET imaging of amyloid in Alzheimer’s disease. Lancet Neurol 2004;3:519–527

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science