Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
Representative single-participant PCC functional connectivity map, thresholded at P = .005, cluster size = 36, for an effective voxelwise P of 1 × 10−7.
- Fig 2.
Nine-voxel in-plane ROIs centered at the voxel of highest significance for each region showing significant group differences in a 2-way ANOVA (P = 1 × 10−5).
- Fig 3.
Mean functional connectivity to the PCC for regions that showed a sex-disease status.
Tables
Characteristic Female Control Subjects (n = 16) Female Patients (n = 16) Male Control Subjects (n = 16a) Male Patients (n = 16) Mean age, y (SD) 42.25 (9.4) 42.38 (9.5) 41.81 (9.6) 40.94 (8.9) Mean education, y (SD) 16.44 (1.3) 15.00 (2.6) 16.81 (3.7) 16.3 (2.9) Median EDSS (range) NA 2 (1–3.5) NA 1.5 (1–6) Median disease duration (range) NA 8 (1–24) NA 6.5 (1–29) Disease phenotype NA 16 RR NA 14 RR/2 SP Mean cognitive task scores (SD) Symbol Digit Modalities Test 64.50 (10.1) 59.38 (9.0) 61.55 (12.3) 59.88 (8.5) Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test 51.81 (8.6) 49.44 (9.8) 51.73 (7.5) 54.25 (6.4) California Verbal Learning Test 53.69 (10.7) 56.25 (12.1) 54.09 (12.9) 49.06 (11.4) Brief Visuospatial Memory Test–Revised 26.56 (3.9) 25.31 (4.7) 27.18 (5.1) 26.81 (5.2) Controlled Word Association Test 44.44 (9.3) 47.13 (10.9) 45.36 (7.1) 45.94 (8.3) Motion characteristics, mm Mean (SD) 0.275 (0.10) 0.290 (0.09) 0.309 (0.11) 0.254 (0.07) Peak (SD) 0.629 (0.36) 0.724 (0.45) 0.742 (0.37) 0.555 (0.30) Note:—RR indicates relapse-remitting; SP, secondary-progressive; NA, not applicable; EDSS, Expanded Disability Status Scale.
↵a n = 11 for male control subjects on all cognitive tasks.
Region MNI Coordinates Mean fcMRI Value (SD) P Valuea Female Control Subjects Female Patients Male Control Subjects Male Patients All Control Subjects All Patients Left medial frontal gyrus [−7 61 3.8] 0.432 (0.773) 1.768 (1.833) −0.044 (0.899) 1.050 (0.857) 0.194 (0.860) 1.409 (1.454) .0001 Right medial frontal gyrus [7 59 7.4] 1.292 (1.057) 2.317 (1.352) 1.101 (1.543) 2.367 (1.076) 1.197 (1.305) 2.342 (1.202) .0005 Left anterior cingulate [−7 40 −11.8] −0.094 (0.471) 0.510 (1.017) −0.430 (0.509 0.603 (1.145) −0.262 (0.512) 0.556 (1.066) .0002 Right putamen [27 10 −15.4] −0.550 (0.913) 0.436 (0.681) −0.339 (0.735) 0.237 (0.689) −0.445 (0.823) 0.336 (0.681) .0001 Left middle temporal gyrus [−56 −4 −23.8] 0.376 (0.404) 0.991 (1.010) 0.162 (0.332) 1.253 (1.142) 0.269 (0.380) 1.122 (1.068) .0001 Left DLPFC [−25 40 19.4] −0.986 (0.660) −0.147 (0.809) −0.194 (0.637) 0.848 (0.830) −0.590 (0.754) −0.497 (0.881) NS Right caudate [19 24 3.8] −0.642 (0.909) 0.210 (0.651) 0.094 (0.818) −0.463 (0.612) −0.274 (0.929) −0.127 (0.710) NS Note:—NS indicates not significant.
↵a P values for control subject and patient comparisons.
