Skip to main content
Advertisement

Main menu

  • Home
  • Content
    • Current Issue
    • Accepted Manuscripts
    • Article Preview
    • Past Issue Archive
    • AJNR Case Collection
    • Case of the Week Archive
    • Classic Case Archive
    • Case of the Month Archive
  • Special Collections
    • Spinal CSF Leak Articles (Jan 2020-June 2024)
    • 2024 AJNR Journal Awards
    • Most Impactful AJNR Articles
  • Multimedia
    • AJNR Podcast
    • AJNR Scantastics
    • Video Articles
  • For Authors
    • Submit a Manuscript
    • Author Policies
    • Fast publishing of Accepted Manuscripts
    • Graphical Abstract Preparation
    • Manuscript Submission Guidelines
    • Imaging Protocol Submission
    • Submit a Case for the Case Collection
  • About Us
    • About AJNR
    • Editorial Board
  • More
    • Become a Reviewer/Academy of Reviewers
    • Subscribers
    • Permissions
    • Alerts
    • Feedback
    • Advertisers
    • ASNR Home
  • Other Publications
    • ajnr

User menu

  • Alerts
  • Log in

Search

  • Advanced search
American Journal of Neuroradiology
American Journal of Neuroradiology

American Journal of Neuroradiology

ASHNR American Society of Functional Neuroradiology ASHNR American Society of Pediatric Neuroradiology ASSR
  • Alerts
  • Log in

Advanced Search

  • Home
  • Content
    • Current Issue
    • Accepted Manuscripts
    • Article Preview
    • Past Issue Archive
    • AJNR Case Collection
    • Case of the Week Archive
    • Classic Case Archive
    • Case of the Month Archive
  • Special Collections
    • Spinal CSF Leak Articles (Jan 2020-June 2024)
    • 2024 AJNR Journal Awards
    • Most Impactful AJNR Articles
  • Multimedia
    • AJNR Podcast
    • AJNR Scantastics
    • Video Articles
  • For Authors
    • Submit a Manuscript
    • Author Policies
    • Fast publishing of Accepted Manuscripts
    • Graphical Abstract Preparation
    • Manuscript Submission Guidelines
    • Imaging Protocol Submission
    • Submit a Case for the Case Collection
  • About Us
    • About AJNR
    • Editorial Board
  • More
    • Become a Reviewer/Academy of Reviewers
    • Subscribers
    • Permissions
    • Alerts
    • Feedback
    • Advertisers
    • ASNR Home
  • Follow AJNR on Twitter
  • Visit AJNR on Facebook
  • Follow AJNR on Instagram
  • Join AJNR on LinkedIn
  • RSS Feeds

Welcome to the new AJNR, Updated Hall of Fame, and more. Read the full announcements.


AJNR is seeking candidates for the position of Associate Section Editor, AJNR Case Collection. Read the full announcement.

 

Getting new auth cookie, if you see this message a lot, tell someone!
Research ArticleNeurovascular/Stroke Imaging

Prevalence and Characteristics of Intracranial Aneurysms in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia

How-Chung Cheng, Marie E. Faughnan, Karel G. terBrugge, Hon-Man Liu, Timo Krings and the Brain Vascular Malformation Consortium Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia Investigator Group
American Journal of Neuroradiology December 2023, 44 (12) 1367-1372; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A8058
How-Chung Cheng
aFrom the Division of Neuroradiology (H.-C.C., K.G.t., T.K.), Joint Department of Medical Imaging, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
bDivision of Neurosurgery (H.-C.C.), Department of Surgery, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • ORCID record for How-Chung Cheng
Marie E. Faughnan
cToronto HHT Centre (M.E.F.), St. Michael's Hospital and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
dDivision of Respirology (M.E.F.), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • ORCID record for Marie E. Faughnan
Karel G. terBrugge
aFrom the Division of Neuroradiology (H.-C.C., K.G.t., T.K.), Joint Department of Medical Imaging, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Hon-Man Liu
eDepartment of Medical Imaging (H.-M.L.), Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • ORCID record for Hon-Man Liu
Timo Krings
aFrom the Division of Neuroradiology (H.-C.C., K.G.t., T.K.), Joint Department of Medical Imaging, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • ORCID record for Timo Krings
  • Article
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Metrics
  • Responses
  • References
  • PDF
Loading

References

  1. 1.↵
    1. Shovlin CL
    . Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia: pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. Blood Rev 2010;24:203–19 doi:10.1016/j.blre.2010.07.001 pmid:20870325
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  2. 2.↵
    1. McDonald J,
    2. Bayrak-Toydemir P,
    3. Pyeritz RE
    . Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: an overview of diagnosis, management, and pathogenesis. Genet Med 2011;13:607–16 doi:10.1097/GIM.0b013e3182136d32 pmid:21546842
    CrossRefPubMed
  3. 3.↵
    1. McDonald J,
    2. Wooderchak-Donahue W,
    3. VanSant Webb C, et al
    . Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: genetics and molecular diagnostics in a new era. Front Genet 2015;6:1 doi:10.3389/fgene.2015.00001 pmid:25674101
    CrossRefPubMed
  4. 4.↵
    1. Jin Y,
    2. Muhl L,
    3. Burmakin M, et al
    . Endoglin prevents vascular malformation by regulating flow-induced cell migration and specification through VEGFR2 signaling. Nat Cell Biol 2017;19:639–52 doi:10.1038/ncb3534 pmid:28530660
    CrossRefPubMed
  5. 5.↵
    1. Faughnan ME,
    2. Mager JJ,
    3. Hetts SW, et al
    . Second international guidelines for the diagnosis and management of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Ann Intern Med 2020;173:989–1001 doi:10.7326/M20-1443 pmid:32894695
    CrossRefPubMed
  6. 6.↵
    1. Shovlin CL,
    2. Guttmacher AE,
    3. Buscarini E, et al
    . Diagnostic criteria for hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome). Am J Med Genet 2000;91:66–67 doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(20000306)91:1<66::AID-AJMG12>3.0.CO;2-P pmid:10751092
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  7. 7.↵
    1. Nishida T,
    2. Faughnan ME,
    3. Krings T, et al
    . Brain arteriovenous malformations associated with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: gene-phenotype correlations. Am J Med Genet A 2012;158A:2829–34 doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.35622 pmid:22991266
    CrossRefPubMed
  8. 8.↵
    1. Woodall MN,
    2. McGettigan M,
    3. Figueroa R, et al
    . Cerebral vascular malformations in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. J Neurosurg 2014;120:87–92 doi:10.3171/2013.10.JNS122402 pmid:24236651
    CrossRefPubMed
  9. 9.↵
    1. Brinjikji W,
    2. Iyer VN,
    3. Sorenson T, et al
    . Cerebrovascular manifestations of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Stroke 2015;46:3329–37 doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.115.010984 pmid:26405205
    FREE Full Text
  10. 10.↵
    1. Krings T,
    2. Kim H,
    3. Power S, et al
    ; Brain Vascular Malformation Consortium HHT Investigator Group. Neurovascular manifestations in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: imaging features and genotype-phenotype correlations. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2015;36:863–70 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A4210 pmid:25572952
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  11. 11.↵
    1. Brinjikji W,
    2. Iyer VN,
    3. Yamaki V, et al
    . Neurovascular manifestations of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: a consecutive series of 376 patients during 15 years. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2016;37:1479–86 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A4762 pmid:27012295
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  12. 12.↵
    1. Gaetani E,
    2. Peppucci E,
    3. Agostini F, et al
    . Distribution of cerebrovascular phenotypes according to variants of the ENG and ACVRL1 genes in subjects with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. J Clin Med 2022;11:2685 doi:10.3390/jcm11102685 pmid:35628811
    CrossRefPubMed
  13. 13.↵
    1. Ring NY,
    2. Latif MA,
    3. Hafezi-Nejad N, et al
    . Prevalence of and factors associated with arterial aneurysms in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: 17-year retrospective series of 418 patients. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2021;32:1661–69 doi:10.1016/j.jvir.2021.08.018 pmid:34478850
    CrossRefPubMed
  14. 14.↵
    1. Perez Akly MS,
    2. Vazquez C,
    3. Besada CH, et al
    . Prevalence of intracranial aneurysms in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: report from a single reference center. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2022;43:844–49 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A7505 pmid:35589139
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  15. 15.↵
    1. Akers AL,
    2. Ball KL,
    3. Clancy M, et al
    . Brain vascular malformation consortium: overview, progress and future directions. J Rare Disord 2013;1:5 pmid:25221778
    PubMed
  16. 16.↵
    1. Krings T,
    2. Ozanne A,
    3. Chng SM, et al
    . Neurovascular phenotypes in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia patients according to age. Review of 50 consecutive patients aged 1 day-60 years. Neuroradiology 2005;47:711–20 doi:10.1007/s00234-005-1390-8 pmid:16136265
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  17. 17.↵
    1. Fernandez Zubillaga A,
    2. Guglielmi G,
    3. Viñuela F, et al
    . Endovascular occlusion of intracranial aneurysms with electrically detachable coils: correlation of aneurysm neck size and treatment results. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1994;15:815–20 pmid:8059647
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  18. 18.↵
    1. Debrun GM,
    2. Aletich VA,
    3. Kehrli P, et al
    . Aneurysm geometry: an important criterion in selecting patients for Guglielmi detachable coiling. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 1998;38(Suppl):1–20 doi:10.2176/nmc.38.suppl_1 pmid:10234971
    CrossRefPubMed
  19. 19.↵
    1. Spetzler RF,
    2. Martin NA
    . A proposed grading system for arteriovenous malformations. J Neurosurg 1986;65:476–78 doi:10.3171/jns.1986.65.4.0476 pmid:3760956
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  20. 20.↵
    1. Rammos SK,
    2. Gardenghi B,
    3. Bortolotti C, et al
    . Aneurysms associated with brain arteriovenous malformations. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2016;37:1966–67 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A4869 pmid:27339951
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  21. 21.↵
    1. Thompson BG,
    2. Brown RD Jr.,
    3. Amin-Hanjani S, et al
    ; American Stroke Association. Guidelines for the management of patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms: a Guideline for Healthcare Professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 2015;46:2368–400 doi:10.1161/STR.0000000000000070 pmid:26089327
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  22. 22.↵
    1. Hyldahl SJ,
    2. El-Jaji MQ,
    3. Schuster A, et al
    . Skin and mucosal telangiectatic lesions in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia patients. Int J Dermatol 2022;61:1497–505 doi:10.1111/ijd.16320 pmid:35792874
    CrossRefPubMed
  23. 23.↵
    1. Jaskolka J,
    2. Wu L,
    3. Chan RP, et al
    . Imaging of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2004;183:307–14 doi:10.2214/ajr.183.2.1830307 pmid:15269017
    CrossRefPubMed
  24. 24.↵
    1. Fish A,
    2. Henderson K,
    3. Moushey A, et al
    . Incidence of spontaneous pulmonary AVM rupture in HHT patients. J Clin Med 2021;10:4714 doi:10.3390/jcm10204714 pmid:34682838
    CrossRefPubMed
  25. 25.↵
    1. Kilian A,
    2. Latino GA,
    3. White AJ, et al
    ; the Brain Vascular Malformation Consortium HHT Investigator Group. Genotype-phenotype correlations in children with HHT. J Clin Med 2020;9:2714 doi:10.3390/jcm9092714 pmid:32842615
    CrossRefPubMed
  26. 26.↵
    1. Braverman IM,
    2. Keh A,
    3. Jacobson BS
    . Ultrastructure and three-dimensional organization of the telangiectases of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. J Invest Dermatol 1990;95:422–27 doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12555569 pmid:2212727
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  27. 27.↵
    1. Crist AM,
    2. Lee AR,
    3. Patel NR, et al
    . Vascular deficiency of Smad4 causes arteriovenous malformations: a mouse model of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Angiogenesis 2018;21:363–80 doi:10.1007/s10456-018-9602-0 pmid:29460088
    CrossRefPubMed
  28. 28.↵
    1. Bernabeu C,
    2. Bayrak-Toydemir P,
    3. McDonald J, et al
    . Potential second-hits in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. J Clin Med 2020;9:3571 doi:10.3390/jcm9113571 pmid:33167572
    CrossRefPubMed
  29. 29.↵
    1. Singh E,
    2. Redgrave RE,
    3. Phillips HM, et al
    . Arterial endoglin does not protect against arteriovenous malformations. Angiogenesis 2020;23:559–66 doi:10.1007/s10456-020-09731-z pmid:32506200
    CrossRefPubMed
  30. 30.↵
    1. Park H,
    2. Furtado J,
    3. Poulet M, et al
    . Defective flow-migration coupling causes arteriovenous malformations in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Circulation 2021;144:805–22 doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.053047 pmid:34182767
    CrossRefPubMed
  31. 31.↵
    1. Moulinet T,
    2. Mohamed S,
    3. Deibener-Kaminsky J, et al
    . High prevalence of arterial aneurysms in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Int J Cardiol 2014;176:1414–16 doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.08.016 pmid:25150474
    CrossRefPubMed
  32. 32.↵
    1. Krex D,
    2. Ziegler A,
    3. Schackert HK, et al
    . Lack of association between endoglin intron 7 insertion polymorphism and intracranial aneurysms in a white population: evidence of racial/ethnic differences. Stroke 2001;32:2689–94 doi:10.1161/hs1101.098660 pmid:11692035
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  33. 33.↵
    1. Onda H,
    2. Kasuya H,
    3. Yoneyama T, et al
    . Endoglin is not a major susceptibility gene for intracranial aneurysm among Japanese. Stroke 2003;34:1640–44 doi:10.1161/01.STR.0000075770.70554.99 pmid:12775886
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  34. 34.↵
    1. Santiago-Sim T,
    2. Mathew-Joseph S,
    3. Pannu H, et al
    . Sequencing of TGF-beta pathway genes in familial cases of intracranial aneurysm. Stroke 2009;40:1604–11 doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.540245 pmid:19299629
    CrossRefPubMed
  35. 35.↵
    1. van 't Hof FN,
    2. Ruigrok YM,
    3. Lee CH, et al
    ; Aneurysm Consortium; Vascular Research Consortium of New Zealand. Shared genetic risk factors of intracranial, abdominal, and thoracic aneurysms. J Am Heart Assoc 2016;5:e002603 doi:10.1161/JAHA.115.002603 pmid:27418160
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  36. 36.↵
    1. Alg VS,
    2. Sofat R,
    3. Houlden H, et al
    . Genetic risk factors for intracranial aneurysms: a meta-analysis in more than 116,000 individuals. Neurology 2013;80:2154–65 doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e318295d751 pmid:23733552
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  37. 37.↵
    1. Weir B,
    2. Disney L,
    3. Karrison T
    . Sizes of ruptured and unruptured aneurysms in relation to their sites and the ages of patients. J Neurosurg 2002;96:64–70 doi:10.3171/jns.2002.96.1.0064 pmid:11794606
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  38. 38.↵
    1. Backes D,
    2. Vergouwen MD,
    3. Tiel Groenestege AT, et al
    . PHASES score for prediction of intracranial aneurysm growth. Stroke 2015;46:1221–26 doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.008198 pmid:25757900
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  39. 39.↵
    1. Helmchen C,
    2. Nahser HC,
    3. Yousry T, et al
    . Therapy of cerebral aneurysms and arteriovenous vascular malformations in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Rendu-Osler-Weber disease) [in German]. Nervenarzt 1995;66:124–28 pmid:7715751
    PubMed
  40. 40.↵
    1. Ishii D,
    2. Takechi A,
    3. Seyama G, et al
    . Ruptured large basilar artery aneurysm associated with an arteriovenous malformation in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2012;52:502–05 doi:10.2176/nmc.52.502 pmid:22850500
    CrossRefPubMed
  41. 41.↵
    1. Gross BA,
    2. Du R
    . Natural history of cerebral arteriovenous malformations: a meta-analysis. J Neurosurg 2013;118:437–43 doi:10.3171/2012.10.JNS121280 pmid:23198804
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  42. 42.↵
    1. Brinjikji W,
    2. Iyer VN,
    3. Wood CP, et al
    . Prevalence and characteristics of brain arteriovenous malformations in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurosurg 2017;127:302–10 doi:10.3171/2016.7.JNS16847 pmid:27767404
    CrossRefPubMed
PreviousNext
Back to top

In this issue

American Journal of Neuroradiology: 44 (12)
American Journal of Neuroradiology
Vol. 44, Issue 12
1 Dec 2023
  • Table of Contents
  • Index by author
  • Complete Issue (PDF)
Advertisement
Print
Download PDF
Email Article

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on American Journal of Neuroradiology.

NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.

Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
Prevalence and Characteristics of Intracranial Aneurysms in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
(Your Name) has sent you a message from American Journal of Neuroradiology
(Your Name) thought you would like to see the American Journal of Neuroradiology web site.
CAPTCHA
This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Cite this article
How-Chung Cheng, Marie E. Faughnan, Karel G. terBrugge, Hon-Man Liu, Timo Krings, the Brain Vascular Malformation Consortium Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia Investigator Group
Prevalence and Characteristics of Intracranial Aneurysms in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
American Journal of Neuroradiology Dec 2023, 44 (12) 1367-1372; DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A8058

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
0 Responses
Respond to this article
Share
Bookmark this article
Intracranial Aneurysms in HHT
How-Chung Cheng, Marie E. Faughnan, Karel G. terBrugge, Hon-Man Liu, Timo Krings, the Brain Vascular Malformation Consortium Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia Investigator Group
American Journal of Neuroradiology Dec 2023, 44 (12) 1367-1372; DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A8058
del.icio.us logo Twitter logo Facebook logo Mendeley logo
  • Tweet Widget
  • Facebook Like
  • Google Plus One
Purchase

Jump to section

  • Article
    • Abstract
    • ABBREVIATIONS:
    • MATERIALS AND METHODS
    • RESULTS
    • DISCUSSION
    • CONCLUSIONS
    • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
    • Footnotes
    • References
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Metrics
  • Responses
  • References
  • PDF

Related Articles

  • No related articles found.
  • PubMed
  • Google Scholar

Cited By...

  • No citing articles found.
  • Crossref (2)
  • Google Scholar

This article has been cited by the following articles in journals that are participating in Crossref Cited-by Linking.

  • Advanced Technologies in Vascular Neurosurgery
    Abhijith R. Bathini, Maged Ghoche, Seyed Farzad Maroufi, Brandon A. Nguyen, Maria José Pachón-Londoño, Ataollah Shahbandi, Devi P. Patra, Bernard R. Bendok
    2025
  • Increasing Endoglin Deletion in Endothelial Cells Exacerbates the Severity of Brain Arteriovenous Malformation in Mouse
    Zahra Shabani, Leandro Barbosa Do Prado, Rui Zhang, Wan Zhu, Sonali S. Shaligram, Alka Yadav, Calvin Wang, Hua Su
    Biomedicines 2024 12 8

More in this TOC Section

  • Automated Detection of Vessel Occlusions
  • HIR in Unsuccessfully Reperfused AIS-LVO Patients
  • Outcomes After EV Treatment of Cerebral Vasospasm
Show more Neurovascular/Stroke Imaging

Similar Articles

Advertisement

Indexed Content

  • Current Issue
  • Accepted Manuscripts
  • Article Preview
  • Past Issues
  • Editorials
  • Editors Choice
  • Fellow Journal Club
  • Letters to the Editor

Cases

  • Case Collection
  • Archive - Case of the Week
  • Archive - Case of the Month
  • Archive - Classic Case

Special Collections

  • Special Collections

Resources

  • News and Updates
  • Turn around Times
  • Submit a Manuscript
  • Author Policies
  • Manuscript Submission Guidelines
  • Evidence-Based Medicine Level Guide
  • Publishing Checklists
  • Graphical Abstract Preparation
  • Imaging Protocol Submission
  • Submit a Case
  • Become a Reviewer/Academy of Reviewers
  • Get Peer Review Credit from Publons

Multimedia

  • AJNR Podcast
  • AJNR SCANtastic
  • Video Articles

About Us

  • About AJNR
  • Editorial Board
  • Not an AJNR Subscriber? Join Now
  • Alerts
  • Feedback
  • Advertise with us
  • Librarian Resources
  • Permissions
  • Terms and Conditions

American Society of Neuroradiology

  • Not an ASNR Member? Join Now

© 2025 by the American Society of Neuroradiology All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.
Print ISSN: 0195-6108 Online ISSN: 1936-959X

Powered by HighWire