Skull Base CSF Leaks: Potential Underlying Pathophysiology and Evaluation of Brain MR Imaging Findings Associated with Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension

References

1. 1.↵
   1. Carroll I,
   2. Callen AL

   . Beyond myths: transformative insights into spinal cerebrospinal fluid leaks and their role in persistent headache syndromes. Headache 2024;64:229–32 doi:10.1111/head.14677 pmid:38385703

   CrossRefPubMed
2. 2.↵
   1. Rando TA,
   2. Fishman RA

   . Spontaneous intracranial hypotension: report of two cases and review of the literature. Neurology 1992;42:481 doi:10.1212/WNL.42.3.481 pmid:1549206

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
3. 3.↵
   1. Kranz PG,
   2. Tanpitukpongse TP,
   3. Choudhury KR, et al

   . How common is normal cerebrospinal fluid pressure in spontaneous intracranial hypotension? Cephalalgia 2016;36:1209–17 doi:10.1177/0333102415623071 pmid:26682575

   CrossRefPubMed
4. 4.↵
   1. Benson JC,
   2. Madhavan AA,
   3. Cutsforth-Gregory JK, et al

   . The Monro-Kellie doctrine: a review and call for revision. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2023;44:2–6 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A7721 pmid:36456084

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
5. 5.↵
   1. Schievink WI,
   2. Schwartz MS,
   3. Maya MM, et al

   . Lack of causal association between spontaneous intracranial hypotension and cranial cerebrospinal fluid leaks. JNS 2012;116:749–54 doi:10.3171/2011.12.JNS111474

   CrossRef
6. 6.↵
   1. Scoffings DJ

   . Imaging of acquired skull base cerebrospinal fluid leaks. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2021;31:509–22 doi:10.1016/j.nic.2021.05.009 pmid:34689930

   CrossRefPubMed
7. 7.↵
   1. Kranz PG,
   2. Gray L,
   3. Amrhein TJ

   . Spontaneous intracranial hypotension: 10 myths and misperceptions. Headache 2018;58:948–59 doi:10.1111/head.13328 pmid:29797515

   CrossRefPubMed
8. 8.↵
   1. Dobrocky T,
   2. Grunder L,
   3. Breiding PS, et al

   . Assessing spinal cerebrospinal fluid leaks in spontaneous intracranial hypotension with a scoring system based on brain magnetic resonance imaging findings. JAMA Neurol 2019;76:580–87 doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2018.4921 pmid:30776059

   CrossRefPubMed
9. 9.↵
   1. Kim DK,
   2. Carr CM,
   3. Benson JC, et al

   . Diagnostic yield of lateral decubitus digital subtraction myelogram stratified by brain MRI findings. Neurology 2021;96:e1312–18 doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000011522 pmid:33472917

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
10. 10.↵
    1. Brinjikji W,
    2. Madhavan A,
    3. Garza I, et al

    . Clinical and imaging outcomes of 100 patients with cerebrospinal fluid-venous fistulas treated by transvenous embolization. J Neurointerv Surg 2023 Oct 28. [Epub ahead of print] doi:10.1136/jnis-2023-021012

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
11. 11.↵
    1. Farb RI,
    2. Nicholson PJ,
    3. Peng PW, et al

    . Spontaneous intracranial hypotension: a systematic imaging approach for CSF leak localization and management based on MRI and digital subtraction myelography. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019;40:745–53 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A6016 pmid:30923083

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
12. 12.↵
    1. Kranz PG,
    2. Amrhein TJ,
    3. Choudhury KR, et al

    . Time-dependent changes in dural enhancement associated with spontaneous intracranial hypotension. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2016;207:1283–87 doi:10.2214/AJR.16.16381 pmid:27557149

    CrossRefPubMed
13. 13.↵
    1. Schievink WI,
    2. Michael LM, 2nd.,
    3. Maya M, et al

    . Spontaneous intracranial hypotension due to skull-base cerebrospinal fluid leak. Ann Neurol 2021;90:514–16 doi:10.1002/ana.26175 pmid:34291846

    CrossRefPubMed
14. 14.↵
    1. Tai YC,
    2. Tai YS,
    3. Ou CH, et al

    . Treatment, outcome, and relapse of spontaneous and nonspontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leak. Brain Sci 2022;12:340 doi:10.3390/brainsci12030340 pmid:35326296

    CrossRefPubMed
15. 15.↵
    1. Bond KM,
    2. Benson JC,
    3. Cutsforth-Gregory JK, et al

    . Spontaneous intracranial hypotension: atypical radiologic appearances, imaging mimickers, and clinical look-alikes. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2020;41:1339–47 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A6637 pmid:32646948

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
16. 16.↵
    1. Wolf K,
    2. Luetzen N,
    3. Mast H, et al

    . CSF flow and spinal cord motion in patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension: a phase contrast MRI study. Neurology 2023;100:e651–60 doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000201527 pmid:36357188

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
17. 17.↵
    1. Radu RA,
    2. Terecoasa EO,
    3. Marinescu AN, et al

    . Cranial cerebrospinal fluid leak and intracranial hypotension syndrome: a case report. J Med Life 2021;14:587–90 doi:10.25122/jml-2021-0090 pmid:34621386

    CrossRefPubMed
18. 18.↵
    1. Bonomo G,
    2. Bussone G,
    3. Gans A, et al

    . Small spheno-ethmoidal meningoencephalocele versus ethmoidal mucocele in spontaneous intracranial hypotension. Brain Spine 2023;3:102676 doi:10.1016/j.bas.2023.102676 pmid:38021026

    CrossRefPubMed
19. 19.↵
    1. Dobrocky T,
    2. Häni L,
    3. Rohner R, et al

    . Brain spontaneous intracranial hypotension score for treatment monitoring after surgical closure of the underlying spinal dural leak. Clin Neuroradiol 2022;32:231–38 doi:10.1007/s00062-021-01124-z pmid:35028683

    CrossRefPubMed