Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
Flowchart of study population enrollment. IVH indicates intraventricular hemorrhage.
- Fig 2.
Representative cases of semiautomatic segmentation of tumorous (A and B) and nontumorous (C and D) ICHs and their relative frequency histogram of hematoma attenuation (E). ICH was segmented with a semiautomatic method based on a voxel-intensity threshold of 40–130 HU. On histogram analysis, the 5th and 25th percentile values were 26 HU and 38 HU in tumorous ICHs and 40 HU and 65 HU in nontumorous ICHs, respectively, and were discriminated correctly by using our histogram analysis.
- Fig 3.
Differences among the 5 groups in histogram parameters of ICH attenuation are list on the x-axis of each boxplot: 1) primary ICH without antithrombotics, 2) primary ICH with antithrombotics, 3) secondary ICH due to vascular malformation, 4) secondary ICH due to brain metastasis, and 5) secondary ICH due to primary brain tumor.
- Fig 4.
Differences in histogram parameters of ICH attenuation in tumor and nontumorous ICHs. All histogram parameters except maximum value and kurtosis were significantly different between tumorous and nontumorous ICHs. Tumors had lower cumulative histogram parameters and positive skewness. NT indicates nontumorous ICHs; T, tumorous ICHs.
- Fig 5.
Receiver operating characteristic curves of histogram parameters for discrimination of tumor and nontumorous ICHs.
Tables
Parameter Nontumorous ICH (n = 90) Tumorous ICH (n = 20) P Valuea Primary ICH (n = 64) Secondary ICH (n = 46) Without Antithrombotics (n = 51) With Antithrombotics (n = 13) Vascular Malformation (n = 26) Metastasis (n = 12) Primary Brain Tumor (n = 8) Age (year) 57.0 ± 20.4 66.8 ± 11.7 31.0 ± 20.9 56.8 ± 14.9 47.9 ± 20.9 <.01 Gender (M:F) 29:22 8:5 14:12 9:3 4:4 .75 Onset–CT interval time (hours) 10.0 ± 8.2 15.2 ± 7.1 8.5 ± 7.8 7.0 ± 6.4 9.5 ± 7.1 .08 ↵a Difference among the 5 groups tested by 1-way analysis of variance or χ2 test.
Parameter Primary ICH without Antithrombotics (n = 51) Primary ICH with Antithrombotics (n = 13) Vascular Malformation (n = 26) Metastasis (n = 12) Primary Brain Tumor (n = 8) P Valuea Mean 57.31 ± 7.40 52.64 ± 7.35 54.12 ± 6.96 46.94 ± 9.07 45.08 ± 10.34 <.01 Minimum 21.65 ± 9.65 11.69 ± 9.52 18.62 ± 7.05 14.83 ± 8.50 9.00 ± 5.29 <.01 Percentiles 5th 37.73 ± 6.70 30.38 ± 7.38 35.56 ± 5.53 28.50 ± 6.26 26.38 ± 6.50 <.01 25th 49.47 ± 8.36 42.77 ± 9.14 45.85 ± 7.05 38.58 ± 8.50 34.38 ± 8.00 <.01 50th 58.78 ± 8.46 54.00 ± 8.71 55.35 ± 8.31 47.42 ± 10.32 44.38 ± 11.65 <.01 75th 65.73 ± 7.42 62.92 ± 6.71 62.65 ± 7.95 55.00 ± 10.57 54.13 ± 14.88 <.01 95th 73.02 ± 7.02 71.15 ± 5.51 70.00 ± 7.38 64.58 ± 9.02 67.25 ± 11.65 <.01 Maximum 99.33 ± 16.46 104.69 ± 17.67 94.31 ± 18.47 92.08 ± 14.05 122.00 ± 65.95 .29 Skewness −0.32 ± 0.35 −0.18 ± 0.50 −0.13 ± 0.56 0.05 ± 0.47 0.63 ± 0.66 <.01 Kurtosis 2.64 ± 0.52 2.95 ± 0.96 3.00 ± 2.11 2.96 ± 1.21 4.11 ± 2.47 <.01 ↵a Difference among the 5 groups tested using 1-way analysis of variance before pair-wise comparison.
- Table 3:
Diagnostic performance of ICH attenuation histogram parameters for discriminating tumor and nontumorous ICHs
Parameter Az Value 95% CI Cutoff Valuea Sensitivity (%) Specificity (%) Minimum 0.71 0.59–0.84 17 62.2 85.0 Percentiles 5th 0.81 0.72–0.91 34 65.6 85.0 25th 0.81 0.71–0.92 44 70.0 80.0 50th 0.78 0.66–0.89 53 65.6 75.0 75th 0.74 0.60–0.87 60 72.2 65.0 95th 0.69 0.54–0.84 63 90.0 45.0 Mean 0.78 0.66–0.90 49.11 81.1 65.0 Skewness 0.78 0.67–0.88 −0.02 75.0 25.0 Note:—Az indicates area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.
↵a Determined by maximizing the Youden index.
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