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Welcome to the new AJNR, Updated Hall of Fame, and more. Read the full announcements.


AJNR is seeking candidates for the position of Associate Section Editor, AJNR Case Collection. Read the full announcement.

 

Table of Contents

April 01, 2021; Volume 42,Issue 4

Perspectives

  • You have access
    Perspectives
    Manfred Hauben
    American Journal of Neuroradiology April 2021, 42 (4) 617; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.P0111

Review Articles

  • Head & Neck
    Open Access
    Retinoblastoma: What the Neuroradiologist Needs to Know
    V.M. Silvera, J.B. Guerin, W. Brinjikji and L.A. Dalvin
    American Journal of Neuroradiology April 2021, 42 (4) 618-626; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6949

Practice Perspectives

  • FELLOWS' JOURNAL CLUBSpine
    You have access
    Time to Reconsider Routine Percutaneous Biopsy in Spondylodiscitis?
    Ö. Kasalak, M. Wouthuyzen-Bakker, R.A.J.O. Dierckx, P.C. Jutte and T.C. Kwee
    American Journal of Neuroradiology April 2021, 42 (4) 627-631; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6994

    Percutaneous image-guided biopsy, while valuable, is an invasive procedure, and evidence has shown rather disappointing positive microbiologic culture yields of around 33%. Recent evidence also has shown that percutaneous image-guided biopsy rarely adds any new information when blood cultures have positive findings and that an effective empiric treatment can be started in most of cases even when the microbiologic culprit remains unknown. Finally, there is currently no evidence that percutaneous image-guided biopsy improves patient outcome.

General Contents

  • EDITOR'S CHOICEAdult Brain
    Open Access
    Clinical, Imaging, and Lab Correlates of Severe COVID-19 Leukoencephalopathy
    O. Rapalino, A. Pourvaziri, M. Maher, A. Jaramillo-Cardoso, B.L. Edlow, J. Conklin, S. Huang, B. Westover, J.M. Romero, E. Halpern, R. Gupta, S. Pomerantz, P. Schaefer, R.G. Gonzalez, S.S. Mukerji and M.H. Lev
    American Journal of Neuroradiology April 2021, 42 (4) 632-638; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6966

    The authors highlight notable correlations of severe COVID-19 leukoencephalopathy with reduced diffusivity and obesity, acute renal failure, mild hypernatremia, anemia, and an unusual brain MR imaging white matter lesion distribution pattern.

  • Adult Brain
    Open Access
    A Stacked Generalization of 3D Orthogonal Deep Learning Convolutional Neural Networks for Improved Detection of White Matter Hyperintensities in 3D FLAIR Images
    L. Umapathy, G.G. Perez-Carrillo, M.B. Keerthivasan, J.A. Rosado-Toro, M.I. Altbach, B. Winegar, C. Weinkauf, A. Bilgin and for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
    American Journal of Neuroradiology April 2021, 42 (4) 639-647; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6970
  • Adult Brain
    Open Access
    Machine Learning–Based Prediction of Small Intracranial Aneurysm Rupture Status Using CTA-Derived Hemodynamics: A Multicenter Study
    Z. Shi, G.Z. Chen, L. Mao, X.L. Li, C.S. Zhou, S. Xia, Y.X. Zhang, B. Zhang, B. Hu, G.M. Lu and L.J. Zhang
    American Journal of Neuroradiology April 2021, 42 (4) 648-654; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A7034
  • EDITOR'S CHOICEAdult Brain
    You have access
    Automated Detection and Segmentation of Brain Metastases in Malignant Melanoma: Evaluation of a Dedicated Deep Learning Model
    L. Pennig, R. Shahzad, L. Caldeira, S. Lennartz, F. Thiele, L. Goertz, D. Zopfs, A.-K. Meißner, G. Fürtjes, M. Perkuhn, C. Kabbasch, S. Grau, J. Borggrefe and K.R. Laukamp
    American Journal of Neuroradiology April 2021, 42 (4) 655-662; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6982

    Deep learning-based automated detection and segmentation of brain metastases in malignant melanoma yield high detection and segmentation accuracy with false-positive findings of <1 per scan.

  • Adult Brain
    Open Access
    Vessel Type Determined by Vessel Architectural Imaging Improves Differentiation between Early Tumor Progression and Pseudoprogression in Glioblastoma
    M. Kim, J.E. Park, K. Emblem, A Bjørnerud and H.S. Kim
    American Journal of Neuroradiology April 2021, 42 (4) 663-670; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6984
  • EDITOR'S CHOICEAdult Brain
    Open Access
    Are Dynamic Arterial Spin-Labeling MRA and Time-Resolved Contrast-Enhanced MRA Suited for Confirmation of Obliteration following Gamma Knife Radiosurgery of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations?
    A. Rojas-Villabona, F.B. Pizzini, T. Solbach, M. Sokolska, G. Ricciardi, C. Lemonis, E. DeVita, Y. Suzuki, M.J.P. van Osch, R.I. Foroni, M. Longhi, S. Montemezzi, D. Atkinson, N. Kitchen, A. Nicolato, X. Golay and H.R. Jäger
    American Journal of Neuroradiology April 2021, 42 (4) 671-678; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6990

    Combining arterial spin-labeling MRA with contrast-enhanced time-resolved MRA holds promise as an alternative to DSA for confirmation of obliteration following gamma knife radiosurgery for brain AVMs, having provided 100% sensitivity and specificity in the study.

  • Commentary

    • Adult Brain
      You have access
      Is Catheter Angiography Still Necessary to Evaluate Obliteration of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations Treated with Stereotactic Radiosurgery?
      Ching-Jen Chen and Dale Ding
      American Journal of Neuroradiology April 2021, 42 (4) 679-680; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6954
  • Adult Brain
    Open Access
    Determining the Degree of Dopaminergic Denervation Based on the Loss of Nigral Hyperintensity on SMWI in Parkinsonism
    Y.J. Bae, Y.S. Song, J.-M. Kim, B.S. Choi, Y. Nam, J.-H. Choi, W.W. Lee and J.H. Kim
    American Journal of Neuroradiology April 2021, 42 (4) 681-687; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6960
  • Adult Brain
    Open Access
    Microstructural Tissue Changes in Alzheimer Disease Brains: Insights from Magnetization Transfer Imaging
    I. Colonna, M. Koini, L. Pirpamer, A. Damulina, E. Hofer, P. Schwingenschuh, C. Enzinger, R. Schmidt and S. Ropele
    American Journal of Neuroradiology April 2021, 42 (4) 688-693; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6975
  • Adult Brain
    Open Access
    Ivy Sign in Moyamoya Disease: A Comparative Study of the FLAIR Vascular Hyperintensity Sign Against Contrast-Enhanced MRI
    L.-X. Wang, H. Wang, F.-B. Hao, J.-H. Lv, S.-H. Zhang, D.-S. Han, X.-B. Bian, D.-K. Zhang, Y.-N. Lan, X.-R. Wang, M.-T. Wei, L. Duan, L. Ma and X. Lou
    American Journal of Neuroradiology April 2021, 42 (4) 694-700; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A7010
  • Adult Brain
    You have access
    CTA Evaluation of Basilar Septations: An Entity Better Characterized as Aberrant Basilar Fenestrations
    J.E. Small, M.B. Macey, A.K. Wakhloo and S. Sehgal
    American Journal of Neuroradiology April 2021, 42 (4) 701-707; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A7008
  • Interventional
    You have access
    Intra-Arterial Thrombolysis after Unsuccessful Mechanical Thrombectomy in the STRATIS Registry
    S.F. Zaidi, A.C. Castonguay, O.O. Zaidat, N. Mueller-Kronast, D.S. Liebeskind, H. Salahuddin and M.A. Jumaa
    American Journal of Neuroradiology April 2021, 42 (4) 708-712; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6962
  • Interventional
    You have access
    The Prophylactic Use of Tirofiban versus Oral Antiplatelet Medications in Stent-Assisted Coiling of Intracranial Aneurysms: A Meta-analysis
    Y. Xiang, H. Zhao, C. Ding, H. Chen, D. Wang and A. Liu
    American Journal of Neuroradiology April 2021, 42 (4) 713-719; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6996
  • Interventional
    You have access
    Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysms Treated with the Pipeline Embolization Device: A Systematic Review and Pooled Analysis of Individual Patient Data
    P.M. Foreman, A. Ilyas, M.C. Cress, J.A. Vachhani, R.A. Hirschl, B. Agee and C.J. Griessenauer
    American Journal of Neuroradiology April 2021, 42 (4) 720-725; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A7002
  • FELLOWS' JOURNAL CLUBInterventional
    You have access
    Fast Stent Retrieval during Mechanical Thrombectomy Improves Recanalization in Patients with the Negative Susceptibility Vessel Sign
    S. Soize, J.-B. Eymard, S. Cheikh-Rouhou, P.-F. Manceau, C. Gelmini, M. Sahnoun, M. Gawlitza, M. Zuber, L. Pierot and E. Touzé
    American Journal of Neuroradiology April 2021, 42 (4) 726-731; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6989

    A fast stent retrieval during mechanical thrombectomy is safe and improves the retrieval of clots with the negative susceptibility vessel sign.

  • Interventional
    You have access
    Clot Meniscus Sign: An Angiographic Clue for Choosing between Stent Retriever and Contact Aspiration in Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion
    S.H. Baik, C. Jung, B.M. Kim, K. Han and D.J. Kim
    American Journal of Neuroradiology April 2021, 42 (4) 732-737; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6988
  • Interventional
    You have access
    Low-Dose Eptifibatide for Tandem Occlusion in Stroke: Safety and Carotid Artery Patency
    A. Jost, C. Roels, M. Brown, R. Janjua and D. Heck
    American Journal of Neuroradiology April 2021, 42 (4) 738-742; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6985
  • Extracranial Vascular
    You have access
    Value of Emergent Neurovascular Imaging for “Seat Belt Injury”: A Multi-institutional Study
    F.G. Sherbaf, B. Chen, T. Pomeranz, M. Shahriari, M.E. Adin, S. Mirbagheri, E. Beheshtian, R. Jalilianhasanpour, J. Pakpoor, J.W. Lazor, A. Kamali and D.M. Yousem
    American Journal of Neuroradiology April 2021, 42 (4) 743-748; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6992
  • Head & Neck
    You have access
    Variations in the Course of the Carotid Arteries in Patients with Retropharyngeal Parathyroid Adenomas
    G.K. Steinl, R. Yeh, C.M. McManus, J.A. Lee and J.H. Kuo
    American Journal of Neuroradiology April 2021, 42 (4) 749-752; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6995
  • FELLOWS' JOURNAL CLUBHead & Neck
    You have access
    Postoperative Imaging Appearance of Iliac Crest Free Flaps Used for Palatomaxillary Reconstructions
    M.L. Sandler, M. Griffin, M.H. Xing, E. Ansari, A.S. Khorsandi and M.L. Urken
    American Journal of Neuroradiology April 2021, 42 (4) 753-758; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A7005

    The imaging appearances of 5 patients were analyzed to determine the key radiographic characteristics of a healthy and successful iliac crest free flap. Radiographic fluency with the imaging appearance of the iliac crest free flap, as well as the new anatomy of the region in the postoperative period, will allow for better interpretation of the flap appearance on imaging and will prevent false identification of tumor recurrence.

  • Pediatrics
    Open Access
    Radiomics of Pediatric Low-Grade Gliomas: Toward a Pretherapeutic Differentiation of BRAF-Mutated and BRAF-Fused Tumors
    M.W. Wagner, N. Hainc, F. Khalvati, K. Namdar, L. Figueiredo, M. Sheng, S. Laughlin, M.M. Shroff, E. Bouffet, U. Tabori, C. Hawkins, K.W. Yeom and B.B. Ertl-Wagner
    American Journal of Neuroradiology April 2021, 42 (4) 759-765; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6998
  • Pediatrics
    You have access
    Longitudinal Assessment of Enhancing Foci of Abnormal Signal Intensity in Neurofibromatosis Type 1
    N. Hainc, M.W. Wagner, S. Laughlin, J. Rutka, C. Hawkins, S. Blaser and B.B. Ertl-Wagner
    American Journal of Neuroradiology April 2021, 42 (4) 766-773; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6974
  • Pediatrics
    Open Access
    Evaluation of DISORDER: Retrospective Image Motion Correction for Volumetric Brain MRI in a Pediatric Setting
    K. Vecchiato, A. Egloff, O. Carney, A. Siddiqui, E. Hughes, L. Dillon, K. Colford, E. Green, R.P.A.G. Texeira, A.N. Price, G. Ferrazzi, J.V. Hajnal, D.W. Carmichael, L. Cordero-Grande and J. O’Muircheartaigh
    American Journal of Neuroradiology April 2021, 42 (4) 774-781; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A7001
  • Pediatrics
    Open Access
    Beyond Isolated and Associated: A Novel Fetal MR Imaging–Based Scoring System Helps in the Prenatal Prognostication of Callosal Agenesis
    S. Glatter, G. Kasprian, D. Bettelheim, B. Ulm, M. Weber, R. Seidl, D. Prayer and M.C. Diogo
    American Journal of Neuroradiology April 2021, 42 (4) 782-786; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A7064
  • Spine
    You have access
    Validation of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Spinal Cord Injury MRI Common Data Elements Instrument
    J. Fisher, L. Krisa, D.M. Middleton, B.E. Leiby, J.S. Harrop, L.M. Shah, E.D. Schwartz, A. Doshi, S.H. Faro, F.B. Mohamed and A.E. Flanders
    American Journal of Neuroradiology April 2021, 42 (4) 787-793; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A7000
  • Spine
    You have access
    Cervical Cordotomy for Intractable Pain: Do Postoperative Imaging Features Correlate with Pain Outcomes and Mirror Pain?
    A. Berger, M. Artzi, O. Aizenstein, T. Gonen, R. Tellem, U. Hochberg, D. Ben-Bashat and I. Strauss
    American Journal of Neuroradiology April 2021, 42 (4) 794-800; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6999
  • Spine
    You have access
    MRI T2-Hyperintense Signal Structures in the Cervical Spinal Cord: Anterior Median Fissure versus Central Canal in Chiari and Control—An Exploratory Pilot Analysis
    T.A. Tomsick, L.L. Wang, M. Zuccarello and A.J. Ringer
    American Journal of Neuroradiology April 2021, 42 (4) 801-806; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A7046

Memorial

  • Memorial
    You have access
    Douglas Gordon Potts, MD
    K. ter Brugge
    American Journal of Neuroradiology April 2021, 42 (4) E18; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A7127

Letters

  • LETTER
    You have access
    Evolution of Radial Access in Neurointerventional Surgery
    D. Dornbos
    American Journal of Neuroradiology April 2021, 42 (4) E19-E20; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A7060
  • LETTER
    Open Access
    COVID-19-Associated Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis–Like Disease
    F.B. Assunção, D.C. Fragoso, T.L.P. Donoso Scoppetta and A.C. Martins Maia
    American Journal of Neuroradiology April 2021, 42 (4) E21-E23; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6967
  • LETTER
    You have access
    Primary Angiitis of the CNS with Unremarkable Vessel Wall MR Imaging: How the “T1 Shinethrough” Effect on SWI Adds to the Detection of Gadolinium Enhancement of Small Intraparenchymal Brain Vessels
    A.P.A. Fonseca, R.L. do Carmo, F.T. Pacheco, R.H. Nunes and A.J. da Rocha
    American Journal of Neuroradiology April 2021, 42 (4) E24-E26; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6973
  • LETTER
    You have access
    Inconsistencies between Radiologic and Cadaveric Studies of the Occipital Sinus
    Naci Balak
    American Journal of Neuroradiology April 2021, 42 (4) E27; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6977
  • LETTER
    You have access
    Reply:
    A.S. Larson and W. Brinjikji
    American Journal of Neuroradiology April 2021, 42 (4) E28; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6986
  • LETTER
    You have access
    The So-Called Cranial Dural Channels and Their Relationship with the Bridging Veins
    Gerasimos Baltsavias, Vincenzo Paterno and Heinrich Lanfermann
    American Journal of Neuroradiology April 2021, 42 (4) E29-E30; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6972
  • LETTER
    You have access
    Reply:
    M. Shapiro, K. Srivatanakul, E. Raz, M. Litao, E. Nossek and P.K. Nelson
    American Journal of Neuroradiology April 2021, 42 (4) E31-E32; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A7098
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American Journal of Neuroradiology: 42 (4)
American Journal of Neuroradiology
Vol. 42, Issue 4
1 Apr 2021
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