Impact of Methodologic Choice for Automatic Detection of Different Aspects of Brain Atrophy by Using Temporal Lobe Epilepsy as a Model

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Fig 1.
Controls versus TLE-mts. A, VBM-SPM GM differences. B, DBM Jacobian differences. C, FS-CT differences between groups. All results corrected for multiple comparisons by using permutation analysis (P < .05).
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Fig 2.
Controls versus TLE-no. A, VBM-SPM GM differences. B, DBM Jacobian differences. C, FS-CT differences between groups. All results corrected for multiple comparisons by using permutation analysis (P < .05).
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Fig 3.
Controls versus TLE-mts and controls versus TLE-no after FDR < .05 correction for multiple comparisons. A, VBM-SPM GM differences. B, DBM Jacobian differences. C, FS-CT differences between controls and TLE-mts. D, VBM-SPM GM differences. E, DBM Jacobian differences. F, FS-CT differences between controls and TLE-no.

Table 1:

TLE-mts versus controls

Method	Region	Cluster Size	Cluster t-Statistic
Freesurfer	Ipsilateral temporo-occipital	20 414.11 mm² (70 691 vertices)	6.139
DBM	Bilateral mesial temporal lobe, bilateral thalamus, basal ganglia, subcortical white matter, cerebellum, and brain stem	259 230 mm² (259 230 vertices)	7.529
VBM	Ipsilateral mesial temporal lobe, bilateral thalamus, and ipsilateral basal ganglia	282 288 mm³ (282 288 voxels)	5.693
	Ipsilateral temporal and bilateral occipital cortex
	Cerebellum and brain stem

Note:—Clusters representing significant differences between controls and TLE-mts for each method after correction for multiple comparisons by using permutation testing.

Table 2:

TLE-no versus controls

Method	Region	Cluster Size	Cluster t-Statistic
Freesurfer	Ipsilateral inferior and lateral temporal lobe; insula, posterior, and superior frontal lobe; and lateral and medial occipital region	62 071 mm² (70 691 vertices)	7.679
	Contralateral inferior and lateral temporal lobe; insula, posterior, and superior frontal lobe; and lateral and medial occipital region	58 961 mm² (66 554 vertices)	4.883
DBM	Cerebellum, brain stem, and ipsilateral temporal lobe	74 453 mm³ (74 453 voxels)	5.281
	Bilateral superior frontal cortex, pre- and postcentral cortex, and superior pariental cortex	54 397 mm³ (54 397 voxels)	4.572

Note:—Clusters representing significant differences between controls and TLE-no for each method after correction for multiple comparisons by using permutation testing. No significant clusters were found using the VBM method.